Interaction of tryptophan and phenylalanine with metal ferrocyanides and its relevance in chemical evolution

The interaction of two naturally occurring aromatic alpha-amino acids, namely, tryptophan and phenylalanine, with zinc, nickel, cobalt, and copper ferrocyanides has been studied. Both amino acids showed a high adsorption affinity toward metal ferrocyanides at neutral pH (7.0). Adsorption trends followed the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Values of the Langmuir constants K(L) and X(m) suggest tryptophan is a better adsorbate than phenylalanine. Zinc ferrocyanide showed the highest adsorption, while the minimum adsorption was found in the case of copper ferrocyanide. Infrared spectral studies of adsorbate, adsorbent, and adsorption adducts indicate that adsorption occurs because of the interaction of adsorbate molecules with outer divalent metal ions present in the lattice of metal ferrocyanides. The present investigation supports the hypothesis that metal ferrocyanides might have concentrated the biomonomers on their surface in primeval seas during the course of chemical evolution.     

Short-wave infrared reflectance investigation of sites of paleobiological interest: applications for Mars exploration

Rover missions to the rocky bodies of the Solar System and especially to Mars require lightweight, portable instruments that use minimal power, require no sample preparation, and provide suitably diagnostic mineralogical information to an Earth-based exploration team. Short-wave infrared (SWIR) spectroscopic instruments such as the Portable Infrared Mineral Analyser (PIMA, Integrated Spectronics Pty Ltd., Baulkham Hills, NSW, Australia) fulfill all these requirements. We describe an investigation of a possible Mars analogue site using a PIMA instrument. A survey was carried out on the Strelley Pool Chert, an outcrop of stromatolitic, silicified Archean carbonate and clastic succession in the Pilbara Craton, interpreted as being modified by hydrothermal processes. The results of this study demonstrate the capability of SWIR techniques to add significantly to the geological interpretation of such hydrothermally altered outcrops. Minerals identified include dolomite, white micas such as illite-muscovite, and chlorite. In addition, the detection of pyrophyllite in a bleached and altered unit directly beneath the succession suggests acidic, sulfur-rich hydrothermal activity may have interacted with the silicified sediments of the Strelley Pool Chert.     

影响振荡射流分离控制效果的关键因素

为找出影响振荡射流对流场分离控制效果的关键因素,采用典型振荡射流激励器对偏转襟翼流场施加控制,通过数值模拟分析施加控制后的流场特点,总结了射流停滞的原因和影响;并对比不同扩张段、脉冲式和扫掠式振荡射流的控制效果,总结了射流扫掠范围对控制效果的影响。结果表明：射流向流场中传递动量的均匀程度和扫掠范围是影响控制效果的关键因素。射流向流场中传递动量越均匀,扫掠范围越大,则控制效果越好。激励器喉道过小会抑制射流偏转,使射流在出口两侧停滞,导致射流向流场中传递动量不均匀,因此偏转襟翼两侧的控制效果好于中部;增大扩张段会增大射流扫掠范围从而改善控制效果;脉冲式激励器内的尖劈会阻挡射流扫掠至其后方,导致射流扫掠范围小,偏转襟翼中部控制效果差。     

离散力学与最优控制理论在谐波减速器控制中的应用研究

为解决谐波减速器内部非线性干扰,基于离散力学理论,考虑谐波减速器固有的粘性摩擦与柔性关节特性,建立了全时域下谐波减速器的离散动力学与控制的数学模型,并针对离散时域下谐波减速器的最优时间控制问题与最优轨迹跟踪控制问题进行了研究。跟踪误差和运动轨迹分析表明:离散控制方法实现了误差为10-8rad量级的谐波减速器轨迹跟踪控制,并在具有运动约束的同时实现了最短时间到达的控制目标。     

基于碳纳米管薄膜的复合材料在线损伤监测

考虑到纤维增强树脂基复合材料会在服役过程中因受冲击、压缩以及疲劳等因素的作用而发生损伤,基于碳纳米管薄膜优异的力电响应特性开发了一种具有在线损伤监测能力的自感知复合材料。碳纳米管可在薄膜中形成导电网络,复合材料损伤会破坏导电通路,使碳纳米管薄膜的电阻大幅度增加。通过测量自感知复合材料的边界电压并利用电阻层析成像法对碳纳米管薄膜内电导率的分布变化进行求解/成像,实现了复合材料的在线损伤监测。分别对贯穿孔损伤和I型层间断裂损伤模式进行了研究,结果表明所制备的自感知复合材料对这两种损伤模式均可实现损伤定位及图像化显示,对于贯穿孔型损伤模式可实现对面积占比0.038%的损伤进行在线监测,定位精度可达毫米级。     

外测系统突发性故障的诊断方法研究

外测系统突发性故障的检测与诊断在航天测控中有十分重要的意义。基于动态测量数据的容错处理技术, 建立了三组实用的过程故障诊断方法： 无须建模的容错平滑器方法; 基于模型拟合的容错辨识方法; 基于状态空间模型的有界影响滤波方法。这些方法既可用于对测控网跟踪质量的事后分析也可用于（准） 实时在线处理。仿真计算结果显示, 这些方法不但能够以１００％ 的准确率检测出脉冲型故障, 还可快速有效地检测出任何形式的关联型故障, 准确率达９８％以上。     

卫星表面材料物性与电荷积累

卫星表面在地磁亚暴环境下积累电荷的现象是必然的。由于表面间物性的差别,这种积累将是不均衡的,然而一旦建立了电势差,那末表面与表面,表面与构架间就会存在电荷交换,使电势差逐渐趋于减小。文章试图通过物理模型的建立,由此推导出面间电势差变化与表面电势值及表面的电导、电容的关系,从而建立一种明确的数学模型,以利卫星表面充电状态的分析。     

返回式卫星数字姿态控制系统及飞行试验结果

简要介绍我国返回式卫星上用的计算机数字姿态控制系统的方案;重点阐述姿态确定和相平面控制律的设计方法;最后简述飞行试验的结果。     

差分 GPS 鉴定地基雷达测量系统精度的方法研究

提出了利用差分ＧＰＳ分析地面雷测系统跟踪误差的思想,详细分析了各种误差源,建立了一组简洁的差分ＧＰＳ模型,构造了测量数据的比对分析算法以及具有良好抗野值能力的误差偏差最优统计算法,并利用模拟数据进行了仿真计算