Dempskey公式及其改进

在美国海军用的可靠性和有效性评审程序手册中,推荐了Dempskey给出的正态单边容许限系数K及正态单边可靠性下限R_L的近似公式,但迄今找不到推导该公式的文献。本文指出,Dempskey公式就是所述问题的经典一阶近似限。计算表明,其误差较大。为此,本文给出了经典二阶近似限及Bayes近似限。前者在样本大小大于10,后者在各种样本大小的情况下,均可很好地满足工程实践的需要。     

复合固体推进剂应力分布的数值模拟及损伤萌生分析

建立了复合推进剂颗粒填充引起应力集中的有限元计算模型，计算了法向应力的分布及其最大应力的位置，讨论了颗粒分数，刚度对应力分布的影响。根据引发微裂纹萌生的力学条件，得到了复合固体推进剂占主导地位的损伤形式为颗粒与界面的显微裂纹损伤。     

Adaptive environmental control for optimal results during plant microgravity experiments

The SVET Space Greenhouse (SG)--the first and the only automated plant growth facility onboard the MIR Space Station in the period 1990-2000 was developed on a Russian-Bulgarian Project in the 80s. The aim was to study plant growth under microgravity in order to include plants as a link of future Biological Life Support Systems for the long-term manned space missions. An American developed Gas Exchange Measurement System (GEMS) was added to the existing SVET SG equipment in 1995 to monitor more environmental and physiological parameters. A lot of long-duration plant flight experiments were carried out in the SVET+GEMS. They led to significant results in the Fundamental Gravitational Biology field--second-generation wheat seeds were produced in the conditions of microgravity. The new International Space Station (ISS) will provide a perfect opportunity for conducting full life cycle plant experiments in microgravity, including measurement of more vital plant parameters, during the next 15-20 years. Nowadays plant growth facilities for scientific research based on the SVET SG functional principles are developed for the ISS by different countries (Russia, USA, Italy, Japan, etc.). A new Concept for an advanced SVET-3 Space Greenhouse for the ISS, based on the Bulgarian experience and "know-how" is described. The absolute and differential plant chamber air parameters and some plant physiological parameters are measured and processed in real time. Using the transpiration and photosynthesis measurement data the Control Unit evaluates the plant status and performs adaptive environmental control in order to provide the most favorable conditions for plant growth at every stage of plant development in experiments. A conceptual block-diagram of the SVET-3 SG is presented.     

Catecholamines and their enzymes in discrete brain areas of rats after space flight on biosatellites Cosmos

The activity of the catecholaminergic system was measured in the hypothalamus of rats which had experienced an 18.5-19.5-day-long stay in the state of weightlessness during space flights on board Soviet biosatellites of the type Cosmos. In the first two experiments, Cosmos 782 and 936, the concentration of norepinephrine and the activities of synthesizing enzymes tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine-beta-hydroxylase and of the degrading enzyme monoamine oxidase were measured in the total hypothalamus. None of the given parameters was changed after space flight. In the light of the changes of these parameters recorded after exposure to acute stress on Earth, this finding indicates that long-term state of weightlessness does not represent an intensive stressogenic stimulus for the system studied. In the space experiment Cosmos 1129, the concentration of norepinephrine, epinephrine, and dopamine was studied in isolated nuclei of the hypothalamus of rats within 6-10 hr following return from space. Norepinephrine was found to be significantly reduced in the arcuate nucleus, median eminence and periventricular nucleus, epinephrine in the median eminence, periventricular and suprachiasmatic nuclei, whereas dopamine was not significantly changed after space flight. The decreased catecholamine levels found in some hypothalamic nuclei of rats which had undergone space flight indicate that no chronic intensive stressor could have acted during the flight, otherwise the catecholamine concentration would have been increased in the nuclei. The decreased levels must have been induced by the effect of a stressogenic factor acting for a short time only, and that either during the landing maneuver or immediately after landing. Thus long-term exposure of the organism to the state of weightlessness does not represent a stressogenic stimulus for the catecholaminergic system in the hypothalamus, which is one of the regulators of the activation of neuroendocrine reactions under stress.     

喷管潛入对固体火箭稳定性的影响

通常用计算燃烧室内部小振幅振荡的增长或衰减速率来确定固体推进剂火箭燃烧室的线性稳定性。用纯增一衰系数αgd 表示燃烧室压力扰动状态的通用表达式为:P_1(z,t)-P(z)e~(αgdt) e~(iωt) (1)此表达式中,以系数αgd 的符号确定扰动的增衰。可证明,αgd 能以下列关系表示:     

机载合成孔径雷达系统目标内部振动的时间频率分析

在机载合成孔径雷达（SAR）图像中，目标内部振动可能引起方位模糊。在SAR图像的相干积累期间，反射器的任何运动都会在相应反射器相位历史中引起相位调制。对于正弦波运动，相位调制会导致常常与固定反射器难以区分的边带。本文从时间相关多普勒频率的角度对这种调制进行了描述。时间-频率方法是解决这些情况的有用工具。在许多可能的时间-频率方法中，作者们都选择了这种自适应最优（AOK）方法，并用AOK方法分析了机载SAR图像内的壁板振动反射器。其振动很明显，并根据时间-频率分布估算了各个振动参数。这些参数与实际情况非常一致。尤其是与振动频率吻合良好，尽管振幅不是很精确，但仍然比较好。     

A Sensate Liner for personnel monitoring applications

This program develops and demonstrates technologies useful for implementing a manageable cost effective systems approach to monitoring the medical condition of personnel by way of an instrumented uniform hereafter referred to as a Sensate Liner (SL). The SL consists of a form fitting garment which contains and interconnects sensing elements and devices to an electronics pack containing a processor and transmitter. The SL prototype requires fiber, textile, garment and sensor development. The SL textile consists of a mesh of electrically and optically conductive fibers integrated into the normal structure (woven or knitted) of fibers and yarns selected for comfort and durability. A suite of SL garment compatible embedded biological and physical sensors are then integrated into the SL. The initial SL sensor suite is selected to improve triage for combat casualties. Additional SL sensor concepts for medical monitoring will be discussed.     

Real time confocal laser scanning microscopy: potential applications in space medicine and cell biology

Photodynamic therapy (PDT), in which tissues may be rendered fatally light-sensitive represents a relatively novel treatment for cancer and other disorders such as cardiovascular disease. It offers significant application to disease control in an isolated environment such as space flight. In studying PDT in the laboratory, low energy lasers such as HeNe lasers are used to activate the photosensitized cellular target. A major problem associated with these studies is that events occurring during actual exposure of the target cells to the system cannot be examined in real time. In this study HeLa cells were photosensitized and photodynamic activation was accomplished using the scanning microbeam from a confocal laser scanning microscope. This form of activation allowed for simultaneous photoactivation and observation and facilitated the recording of events at a microscopic level during photoactivation. Effects of photodynamic activation on the target cells were monitored using the fluorophores rhodamine 123 and ethidium homodimer-1. Potential applications of these forms of analyses to space medicine and cell biology are discussed.     

Comparison of gradual and rapid onset runs in a short-arm centrifugation

A gradual onset run (GOR) in a short-arm centrifugation was performed on ten healthy students. The centrifuge had a 1.8 m radius, and the subjects sat on a chair in a cabin. The Gz force increased to 2.2 Gz at 0.1 °/sec² for 32 min. and the same Gz-level was maintained for 20 min. Three out of ten subjects completed the whole protocol; the load on the others was terminated because of symptoms or increased heart rate. There were few symptoms such as vertigo, that was a common problem with a rapid onset run (ROR) in former experiments, due to the short-arm centrifugation. The changes of the flicker test after the load were much less in the GOR protocol than in the ROR protocol, even in the terminated group. GOR seemed preferable to ROR in preventing vertigo even though it took longer to reach the necessary G load.     

大间隙高强度胶粘剂在粘接石英陶瓷与低膨胀合金中的应用

论述了使用硅凝胶粘接石英陶瓷材料与低膨胀合金，并通过采取减小内应力的方法，以使其能提高强度且耐高温。结果表明：在石英陶瓷与低膨胀合金的粘接过程中，该硅凝胶涂布方便。在常温下，压剪强度为5．18MPa；在200℃的高温下，保温5min，压剪强度仍可达3．22MPa。它的强度及耐高温性能完全符合应用要求。