旋翼/涡轴发动机的自适应模型

基于卡尔曼滤波器研究旋翼/涡轴发动机的机载自适应模型.采用拟合法建立了状态变量模型,并将发动机性能蜕化参数作为增广的状态变量,设计了卡尔曼滤波器,从而可以根据可测参数的偏离量估计出发动机部件性能蜕化值,最后将部件性能蜕化值用于对机载模型中不可测性能参数的修正,从而使机载模型能适应发动机的非额定工作状况.通过数字仿真表明,建立的机载自适应模型能真实反映发动机的工作状况,并且在全包线范围内该模型都具有比较好的鲁棒性和实时性.     

氟化处理工艺对TiAl合金氧化层组织的影响

文章研究了氟离子注入和NH₄F溶液处理对TiAl合金高温氧化层组织结构的影响规律。结果表明:TiAl合金高温氧化层的组织和致密度受氟化处理工艺和参数的影响很大;经过表面氟化处理的TiAl合金高温氧化抗力高于原始合金;随着表面氟含量增加,氧化层的钛元素含量增加,致密度下降,研究表明存在一个最佳的表面氟浓度。     

轨/姿控火箭发动机推力矢量动态测试系统测量原理与动态性能

 基于国防和航天对轨/姿控火箭发动机脉冲推力矢量动态测试的重大需求,以压电石英为力敏,研制了压电式推力矢量动态测试系统。在探讨推力矢量描述参数及计算的基础上,提出了一种推力矢量测量方案。根据静力平衡原理,推导了求解推力矢量的一般方程。改进了非线性模态分析方法,以所获取的实际动态响应曲线为基础,建立了测试系统的理论动力学模型,利用拉普拉斯变换与逆变换、卷积定理,研究了系统的动态性能和脉冲推力测量性能。针对脉冲推力测量过程中所产生的误差,提出了一种基于理论动力学模型的加速度补偿算法。实验结果证明了测量方案和加速度补偿算法的可行性。     

Flapping Characteristics of 2D Submerged Turbulent Jets in Narrow Channels

Flapping characteristics of the self-excited flapping motion of submerged vertical turbulent jet in narrow channels are studied theoretically and experimentally. It is found that the water depth is a most important parameter to the critical jet exit velocity and the jet flapping frequency. The results indicate that the critical jet exit velocity increases with water depth and the jet flapping frequency is inversely proportional to the water depth. Mean-while, experimental result also shows that the surface disturbance wave changes the frequency of flapping motion, i.e. the flapping frequency locks-in the disturbing frequency when the disturbing frequency is near and less than the natural flapping frequency.     

加强机务班组建设

一线机务班组是机务系统中的最基层组织,为保证航空安全必须使一线机务班组的管理具有有效性,以使团队在职业道德、工作效率、效益成果等有较为突出的表现。并使班组成员通过有效地管理个人能力得到提升,在团队中找到归属感与成就感。     

The application of micro-CT in monitoring bone alterations in tail-suspended rats in vivo

Osteopenia is a pathological process that affects human skeletal health not only on earth but also in long-time spaceflight. Micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) is a nondestructive method for assessing both bone quantity and bone quality. To investigate the characteristics of micro-CT on evaluating the microgravity-induced osteopenia (e.g. early detection time and the sensitive parameters), the bone loss process of tail-suspended rats was monitored by micro-CT in this study. 8-Week-old female Sprague Dawley rats were divided into two groups: tail suspension (TS) and control (CON). Volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) and microstructure of the femur and tibia were evaluated in vivo by micro-CT at 0, 7, 14, 22 days. Biomechanical properties of the femur and tibia were determined by three-point bending test. The ash weight of bone was also investigated. The results showed that (1) bone loss in the proximal tibia appeared earlier than in the distal femur. (2) On day 7, the percent bone volume (BV/TV) of the tibia 15.44% decreased significantly, and the trabecular separation (Tb.Sp) 30.29% increased significantly in TS group, both of which were detected earlier than other parameters. (3) Biomechanical properties (e.g. femur, −22.4% maximum load and −23.75% Young’s modulus vs. CON) and ash weight of the femur and tibia decreased significantly in the TS group in comparison to CON group. (4) vBMD of the femur and tibia were clearly related to bone ash and dry weight (r = 0.75–0.87, p < 0.05). (5) BV/TV of both femur and tibia were clearly related to maximum load and Young’s modulus (r = 0.66–0.87, p < 0.05). Similarly, trabecular vBMD and BV/TV of the femur and tibia were clearly related to Young’s modulus (r = 0.73–0.89, p < 0.05). These indicated that BV/TV and Tb.Sp were more sensitive than other parameters for evaluating bone loss induced by tail suspension, moreover, trabecular vBMD and other parameters might be used to evaluate bone strength. Therefore, micro-CT is a reliable and sensitive method for predicting unloading-induced bone loss in small animals.     

The influence of the spatial and temporal collocation windows on the comparisons of the ionospheric characteristic parameters derived from COSMIC radio occultation and digisondes

GPS radio occultation (RO) ionospheric products obtained by Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate (COSMIC) mission during the year of 2014 and the observations from 3 digisonde stations which are located at different latitudes are used to study the influence of different time and space collocation windows on the comparisons of the ionospheric characteristic parameters (ICPs), including the peak density and peak height, derived from the two techniques. The results show that the correlation coefficients (CC) and the standard deviation of the absolute biases (SDAB) between the ICPs derived from the two techniques vary distinctly under different spatial and time collocation windows. Generally, the CC (SDAB) of the ICPs decrease (increase) as the size of the collocation window increases in time dimension or in space dimension. The rate of change of the statistic parameters with the increase in the size of the collocation window in time dimension and space dimension is analyzed for each digisonde station. It is found that within the collocation window of $\left(60\mathrm{m}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{n},{20}^{°},{20}^{°}\right)$, the influence of the increase of $1^{°}$ in the space window on the statistical comparison is much more significant than that of the increase of 1?min in the time window, and it is suggested that there can be appropriate relaxation on the time window within the threshold of 60?min to get a balance between the quality of the comparison results and the number of the matched pairs. In addition, it is found that the same variations in the longitude window and in the latitude window may have different influences on the comparison results when the horizontal gradients in electron density are distinctly different along different directions at the digisonde station, and strict space collocation window is preferred when comparing the observations from COSMIC RO with those from the digisonde station in such cases.     

无人机制造外形气动偏差评估方法

气动外形对无人机起着至关重要的作用,有必要对其制造外形的气动偏差进行评估。利用数字摄影测量系统获得无人机制造外形的点云数据;以机头为参考点,将测量点云数据模型与理论模型的坐标系重合,对比重合度并统计无人机制造外形与理论外形的几何偏差分布;根据点云数据进行逆向建模,获得无人机制造外形的三维模型;对无人机理论外形进行CFD计算,与其风洞试验数据进行对比,通过调整网格及计算方法,得到与试验数据相吻合的CFD计算方法;以此方法计算得到无人机制造外形的气动数据,并与无人机的理论气动力进行对比。结果表明:此评估方法能够定量地评估外形制造偏差对无人机气动特性的影响。     

空间光学系统真空热试验污染控制经验综述

真空热试验过程中光学系统可能受到严重污染,因此需制定严格的污染控制措施。文章对NASA、ESA、JAXA 等航天机构的卫星光学系统真空热试验中典型、有代表性的污染控制经验进行了综述,并对我国光学系统真空热试验污染控制提出了若干建议。     

X-37B的发展现状及空气动力技术综述

X-37B的研制和试验国内外一直高度关注。X-37B作为跨大气层飞行器,从空气动力技术角度分析其研究工作很有意义。介绍了X-37B的发展历程,分析了战略用途,并重点介绍了涉及的一些关键气动技术,如气动布局设计优化、气动舵面/RCS/O MS复合控制设计、热防护技术、气动辅助变轨技术等,对其利用三大手段开展的研究工作也作了简要介绍,最后简要总结了X-37B研制过程中的一些经验教训。