Study on segmented distribution for reliability evaluation

In practice, the failure rate of most equipment exhibits different tendencies at different stages and even its failure rate curve behaves a multimodal trace during its life cycle. As a result, traditionally evaluating the reliability of equipment with a single model may lead to severer errors. However, if lifetime is divided into several different intervals according to the characteristics of its failure rate, piecewise fitting can more accurately approximate the failure rate of equipment. There-fore, in this paper, failure rate is regarded as a piecewise function, and two kinds of segmented dis-tribution are put forward to evaluate reliability. In order to estimate parameters in the segmented reliability function, Bayesian estimation and maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) of the seg-mented distribution are discussed in this paper. Since traditional information criterion is not suit-able for the segmented distribution, an improved information criterion is proposed to test and evaluate the segmented reliability model in this paper. After a great deal of testing and verification, the segmented reliability model and its estimation methods presented in this paper are proven more efficient and accurate than the traditional non-segmented single model, especially when the change of the failure rate is time-phased or multimodal. The significant performance of the segmented reli-ability model in evaluating reliability of proximity sensors of leading-edge flap in civil aircraft indi-cates that the segmented distribution and its estimation method in this paper could be useful and accurate.     

多维系统测量的误差分析计算

多维系统测量参数众多,系统误差分析比较复杂。本文归纳给出多维系统测量误差分析计算方法措施,并给出算例。     

浅谈几种典型镁合金激光表面改性技术

镁合金具有密度小,比强度高和生物相容性好等优点,然而,表面性能不佳限制了其进一步应用。通过表面改性技术提高镁合金的耐腐蚀性和耐磨性可扩展镁合金的应用范围。激光技术在镁合金的表面改性中效果显著,得到广泛应用。主要介绍激光熔凝、纹理化和熔覆等几种典型镁合金表面改性技术,从激光–合金相互作用、微观组织结构的演变规律出发,分析表面性能增强机理。     

复合材料机翼结构力学性能仿真与验证研究

随着航空航天技术的发展和轻量化要求,复合材料在机翼上的应用比重日益增大。为研究复合材料机翼结构的力学性能,本文采用ABAQUS有限元软件建立了某型复合材料机翼的有限元模型,结合实际工况对机翼工艺结构进行仿真模拟。研究表明,仿真手段可极大提高研制效率,是机翼研制的有效工具;共固化工艺能够有效减少紧固件数量,进而降低由应力集中带来失效的风险。     

基于MOEA/D的三锥体拦截器气动外形优化设计

针对由临近空间拦截器飞行环境变化剧烈导致的热流密度过高等问题,提出一种多目标外形优化设计方法,并针对一种新型三锥体临近空间拦截器外形进行优化设计。首先,建立飞行器的气动、弹道、气动热等多学科分析模型,利用高斯-伪谱法计算拦截弹道,利用桥函数法建立气动模型,并利用Fay-Riddle方法估计气动热流密度。然后,以飞行器航程、总热流量和飞行时间为优化目标,采用基于分解的多目标进化算法(MOEA/D)与伪谱法将该问题转化为一组单目标优化子问题,得到Pareto前沿并进行相关分析。最后,给出一个优于基准值,同时满足性能指标要求的新型外形。结果表明:该优化方法具有可实现性,为未来的飞行器设计提供了新思路。     

Influence of thermal inhibitor position and temperature on vortex-shedding-driven pressure oscillations

Vortex-acoustic coupling is one of the most important potential sources of combustion instability in solid rocket motors (SRMs). Based on the Von Karman Institute for Fluid Dynamics (VKI) experimental motor, the influence of the thermal inhibitor position and temperature on vortex-shedding-driven pressure oscillations is numerically studied via the large eddy simulation (LES) method. The simulation results demonstrate that vortex shedding is a periodic process and its accurate frequency can be numerically obtained. Acoustic modes could be easily excited by vortex shedding. The vortex shedding frequency and second acoustic frequency dominate the pressure oscillation characteristics in the chamber. Thermal inhibitor position and gas temperature have little effect on vortex shedding frequency, but have great impact on pressure oscillation amplitude. Pressure amplitude is much higher when the thermal inhibitor locates at the acoustic velocity anti-nodes. The farther the thermal inhibitor is to the nozzle head, the more vortex energy would be dissipated by the turbulence. Therefore, the vortex shedding amplitude at the second acoustic velocity antinode near 3/4L (L is chamber length) is larger than those of others. Besides, the natural acoustic frequencies increase with the gas temperature. As the vortex shedding frequency departs from the natural acoustic frequency, the vortex-acoustic feedback loop is decoupled. Consequently, both the vortex shedding and acoustic amplitudes decrease rapidly.     

The environmental dimension of space arms control

Current debates on the prevention of an arms race in outer space are dominated by the traditional perspective of international strategic balance. This article addresses the issue through the often-neglected lens of environmental protection, reviewing a number of environmental instruments as they relate to outer space. It argues that environmental protection, as a non-traditional element, is an instrumental impetus for arms control. The current regime leaves the door open for states to develop conventional orbital weapons and ground-based anti-satellite weapons (ASATs), which would have a significant adverse impact on the space environment. Thus the law of environmental protection is deficient in effectively protecting the space environment from pollution resulting from military activities. It is further argued that the space arms control regime should be strengthened for humanity's common interest in a sustainable space environment. Preferably an international treaty should be concluded to prohibit testing, deployment and use of space-based weapons and ASATs. These substantive obligations also conform to the requirements of safeguarding international peace and security, and the security interests of spacefaring countries.     

Design of tracking mount and controller for mobile satellite laser ranging system

In this study, we have proposed and implemented a design for the tracking mount and controller of the ARGO-M (Accurate Ranging system for Geodetic Observation - Mobile) which is a mobile satellite laser ranging (SLR) system developed by the Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute (KASI) and Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials (KIMM). The tracking mount comprises a few core components such as bearings, driving motors and encoders. These components were selected as per the technical specifications for the tracking mount of the ARGO-M. A three-dimensional model of the tracking mount was designed. The frequency analysis of the model predicted that the first natural frequency of the designed tracking mount was high enough. The tracking controller is simulated using MATLAB/xPC Target to achieve the required pointing and tracking accuracy. In order to evaluate the system repeatability and tracking accuracy of the tracking mount, a prototype of the ARGO-M was fabricated, and repeatability tests were carried out using a laser interferometer. Tracking tests were conducted using the trajectories of low earth orbit (LEO) and high earth orbit (HEO) satellites. Based on the test results, it was confirmed that the prototype of the tracking mount and controller of the ARGO-M could achieve the required repeatability along with a tracking accuracy of less than 1 arcsec.     

基于KS函数的协同优化算法及其应用

多学科设计优化(MDO)是当前航空航天复杂系统设计研究中一个最新、最活跃的领域,针对多学科设计优化中协同算法优化过程中存在的收敛困难、计算量大、费时等问题,提出一种新的系统级约束处理方法,利用KS函数的凝聚特性,将系统级的多个学科约束凝聚成一个拥有光滑高阶可微的可行域单约束,来取代罚函数法中的多个约束,以缓解多约束之间的冲突并加速收敛速度.利用两个典型算例进行测试,结果表明改进方法有效.