旋转对冲击射流流动及换热影响的数值研究

为了探究旋转对动叶前缘冲击射流流动及换热的影响机制,采用数值模拟的方法对比分析了静止条件和三种不同旋转转速下的流场结构与换热情况。结果表明:冲击靶面的平均努塞尔数随转速的增大而减小,最高转速下,靶面平均努塞尔数下降约16%。另一方面,压力面和吸力面侧对旋转的敏感性不同。高转速下,换热的削弱主要集中在吸力面和压力面无量纲弧长s/d小于2的区域,压力面s/d大于2区域的换热略有增强;旋转对流场结构产生了明显的影响,旋转改变了射流孔的流量分配,在科氏力的作用下,射流向压力面偏转,这种特征随转速的增大而更加显著。另外,旋转通道内的离心力改变了局部横向流强度。      

面向深空时变信道的数据传输策略

将呈现随机“好”、“坏”状态跳变的深空Ka频段链路噪声温度建模为两状态Gilbert-Elliot信道,考虑深空下行发送端只能获得延迟的信道状态信息（CSI）的限制,结合部分观测马尔科夫决策理论设计了基于延迟CSI预测信道状态的自适应最大化吞吐量传输策略。理论推导了在深空通信环境下最优传输策略的关键阈值,并给出了简化的闭合解计算式。通过地球-火星通信参数仿真,校验了该方案能有效提高吞吐量,提高文件传输效率。     

Global Properties of Solar Flares

This article broadly reviews our knowledge of solar flares. There is a particular focus on their global properties, as opposed to the microphysics such as that needed for magnetic reconnection or particle acceleration as such. Indeed solar flares will always remain in the domain of remote sensing, so we cannot observe the microscales directly and must understand the basic physics entirely via the global properties plus theoretical inference. The global observables include the general energetics—radiation in flares and mass loss in coronal mass ejections (CMEs)—and the formation of different kinds of ejection and global wave disturbance: the type II radio-burst exciter, the Moreton wave, the EIT “wave”, and the “sunquake” acoustic waves in the solar interior. Flare radiation and CME kinetic energy can have comparable magnitudes, of order 10³² erg each for an X-class event, with the bulk of the radiant energy in the visible-UV continuum. We argue that the impulsive phase of the flare dominates the energetics of all of these manifestations, and also point out that energy and momentum in this phase largely reside in the electromagnetic field, not in the observable plasma.     

碳纤维复合壳体用基体环氧树脂研究进展

介绍了固体火箭发动机碳纤维缠绕用基体环氧树脂的种类、选择原则及适于碳纤维缠绕用基体树脂的研究进展.     

高超声速飞行器自抗扰分数阶PID控制器设计(英文)

自抗扰控制器利用跟踪微分器可解决超调量及快速性之间的矛盾,分数阶PID控制器在提高控制品质的同时扩大了被控系统参数的稳定域。结合自抗扰技术及分数阶PID控制器设计了自抗扰分数阶PID控制器,并应用于高超声速飞行器再入姿态控制。仿真结果表明,自抗扰分数阶PID控制器对于高超声速飞行器非线性模型及强外干扰的影响下具有很好的控制效果,并且有较大的稳定域,即针对被控系统参数变化具有更强的鲁棒性。     

载人飞船回收着陆半实物仿真系统关键技术研究

载人飞船回收着陆半实物仿真系统是通过模拟飞船返回压力环境,将回收程控装置硬件实物接入仿真回路的一个半实物仿真试验平台。文章简要介绍了该半实物仿真系统的结构,重点叙述了该半实物仿真系统中特有的负压高精度快速调节压力模拟、多通路指令信号处理、混合式网络、多阶段动力学仿真框架等关键技术。     

雾化激波管研制和煤油点火延时测量

为测量雾化煤油点火延时和得到火焰自发辐射光强分布,研制了雾化激波管和燃料雾化、进气系统.采用"管外预混"思想形成煤油气溶胶,通过连续进气和抽吸方法使气溶胶均匀分布,未出现明显的液滴沉降和壁面吸附.当点火温度为1000K,缝合接触面运行的实验时间大于10ms.由压电传感器PCB和光电倍增管PMT测量指定点压力、OH基光强时间曲线.利用Mie散射测量煤油气溶胶散射光分布,采用ICCD拍摄自点火发射光强.结果表明:该雾化系统可形成粒径为2~5μm煤油气溶胶.当压力为0.1MPa、温度为1300K~1700K,测得化学计量比φ=1.0煤油气溶胶点火延时τig为0.07~6ms,ln(τig)和10000/Tig近似呈线性关系.与气态煤油相比,该文高温点火延时和已有文献数据接近,但低温点火延时偏大,表明了低温下煤油点火的两相效应.     

Determination of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Foton M-2</Emphasis> satellite attitude motion by the data of microacceleration measurements

The results of reconstruction of uncontrolled attitude motion of the Foton M-2 satellite using measurements with the accelerometer TAS-3 are presented. The attitude motion of this satellite has been previously determined by the measurement data of the Earth’s magnetic field and the angular velocity. The TAS-3 data for this purpose are used for the first time. These data contain a well-pronounced additional component which made impossible their direct employment for the reconstruction of the attitude motion and whose origin was unknown several years ago. Later it has become known that the additional component is caused by the influence of the Earth’s magnetic field. The disclosure of this fact allowed us to take into account a necessary correction in processing of TAS-3 data and to use them for the reconstruction of the attitude motion of Foton M-2. Here, a modified method of processing TAS-3 data is described, as well as results of its testing and employing. The testing consisted in the direct comparison of the motion reconstructed by the new method with the motion constructed by the magnetic measurements. The new method allowed us to find the actual motion of Foton M-2 in the period June 9, 2005–June 14, 2005, when no magnetic measurements were carried out.     

位置不确定持续移动对象的离散表示

基于快照模型,提出对多个离散快照进行整体插值来生成不确定性二维移动点对象的离散模型用于时空数据库系统的实现。利用GM（1,1）模型,通过灰生成降低各个离散快照本身包含的不确定性,建立能够反映移动对象的整体运动趋势的离散实现模型。与线性插值模型的对比实验说明,信息受限情况下采用该模型计算位置不确定持续运动对象的时空运动情况能够保持稳定的低误筹率。     

An analysis of low-frequency component in microacceleration measurements made onboard the <Emphasis Type="Italic">Foton M-2</Emphasis> satellite

The low-frequency component is investigated in the data of measurements performed onboard the Foton M-2 satellite with the three-component accelerometer TAS-3. Investigations consisted in comparison of this component with its calculated analog found from a reconstruction of the satellite’s attitude motion. The influence of the Earth’s magnetic field on the accelerometer readings is discovered by way of spectral analysis of the functions representing the results of determining the low-frequency microacceleration by two methods. After making correction for this influence, the results obtained by these two methods coincided within a root-mean-square error of less than 10^?6 m/s².