Analysis of Theories of Fully Ionized Space Plasma

The physical sense of the main ideas, presently used in plasma physics, is discussed. An attempt is made to clarify the concepts, used in plasma physical calculations. The concept of `Coulomb collisions' with the implicitly introduced rapid stochastization plays the main negative role in the physics of fully ionized plasma. Statistical methods, which are adequate for the neutral gas and for the partially ionized plasma, are not applicable for the completely ionized case. It is the cause of large errors in evaluating real plasma parameters. A new concept is considered: a fully ionized space plasma should be treated as a dynamical system with a low level of chaos. Further progress in space physics requires a serious renewal of plasma theory.     

利用线性独立方向的有限储存BFGS法(英文)

提出了线性独立度的概念 ,并在此基础上建立了一个改进的有限储存 BFGS法。该方法继承了标准有限储存 BFGS法的基本特征 ,即储存 m个向量对计算逆二阶近似阵 ,并选择 m个向量对的准则是根据保留的搜索方向的数值线性独立度来确立的。文中进一步讨论了数值线性独立理论 ,并简化了新方法中线性独立度的计算。理论和数值结果表明 ,改进的新方法有效地改善了标准的有限储存法     

空管体制改革的发展趋势：军民航管制员指挥战斗飞机

随着空管体制改革的不断深入,我国航空管制系统经过“八五”、“九五”与“十五”的建设,各种现代化设备、设施已基本投入使用,管制手段和工作方式发生了变化。同时,对空管系统进一步建设与规划提出了更高的要求。为适应形势发展,根据国家空管委办公室《关于我国空中交通管制体     

刚体元在有限分析中的特殊应用

本文论述了刚体元在有限元分析中作为传力结构的特殊用法,并针对其使用时出现的问题一一作了详细分析。最后,探讨了刚体元在模型简化中的应用。     

气氧酒精多管点火器试验研究

多管同步点火是塞式喷管的一项关键技术,介绍了气氧酒精多管点火器的设计和试验情况.研究了推进剂的混合比、点火器的工作时间、燃气导管的材料和几何尺寸、点火器的冷却方式,以及补氧燃烧措施对多管点火性能的影响,同时对高空情况下的点火方法进行了初步探讨.最后确定了多管点火器的工作参数,实现了可靠的多管同步点火.      

空间站充气式下载系统的概念研究

空间站充气式下载系统 (IDS)是在俄罗斯充气式再入与降落技术 (IRDT)基础上发展起来的一种新概念航天回收技术。详细介绍了IDS基本概念和工作原理 ,通过与传统降落伞回收方式的比较 ,总结了该技术的特点。讨论了该技术对结构、轨道、气动力、气动热、热防护层等关键子系统的设计需求。归纳了国外研究现状及发展趋势 ,分析了航天和军事领域的应用前景。     

Cometary Dust

This review presents our understanding of cometary dust at the end of 2017. For decades, insight about the dust ejected by nuclei of comets had stemmed from remote observations from Earth or Earth’s orbit, and from flybys, including the samples of dust returned to Earth for laboratory studies by the Stardust return capsule. The long-duration Rosetta mission has recently provided a huge and unique amount of data, obtained using numerous instruments, including innovative dust instruments, over a wide range of distances from the Sun and from the nucleus. The diverse approaches available to study dust in comets, together with the related theoretical and experimental studies, provide evidence of the composition and physical properties of dust particles, e.g., the presence of a large fraction of carbon in macromolecules, and of aggregates on a wide range of scales. The results have opened vivid discussions on the variety of dust-release processes and on the diversity of dust properties in comets, as well as on the formation of cometary dust, and on its presence in the near-Earth interplanetary medium. These discussions stress the significance of future explorations as a way to decipher the formation and evolution of our Solar System.     

Origin of Molecular Oxygen in Comets: Current Knowledge and Perspectives

The Rosetta Orbiter Spectrometer for Ion and Neutral Analysis (ROSINA) instrument onboard the Rosetta spacecraft has measured molecular oxygen (O₂) in the coma of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko (67P/C-G) in surprisingly high abundances. These measurements mark the first unequivocal detection of O₂ in a cometary environment. The large relative abundance of O₂ in 67P/C-G despite its high reactivity and low interstellar abundance poses a puzzle for its origin in comet 67P/C-G, and potentially other comets. Since its detection, there have been a number of hypotheses put forward to explain the production and origin of O₂ in the comet. These hypotheses cover a wide range of possibilities from various in situ production mechanisms to protosolar nebula and primordial origins. Here, we review the O₂ formation mechanisms from the literature, and provide a comprehensive summary of the current state of knowledge of the sources and origin of cometary O₂.     

An optimization tool for satellite equipment layout

Selection of the satellite equipment layout with performance constraints is a complex task which can be viewed as a constrained multi-objective optimization and a multiple criteria decision making problem. The layout design of a satellite cabin involves the process of locating the required equipment in a limited space, thereby satisfying various behavioral constraints of the interior and exterior environments. The layout optimization of satellite cabin in this paper includes the C.G. offset, the moments of inertia and the space debris impact risk of the system, of which the impact risk index is developed to quantify the risk to a satellite cabin of coming into contact with space debris. In this paper an optimization tool for the integration of CAD software as well as the optimization algorithms is presented, which is developed to automatically find solutions for a three-dimensional layout of equipment in satellite. The effectiveness of the tool is also demonstrated by applying to the layout optimization of a satellite platform.     

Venus Interior Structure and Dynamics

No two rocky bodies offer a better laboratory for exploring the conditions controlling interior dynamics than Venus and Earth. Their similarities in size, density, distance from the sun, and young surfaces would suggest comparable interior dynamics. Although the two planets exhibit some of the same processes, Venus lacks Earth’s dominant process for losing heat and cycling volatiles between the interior and the surface and atmosphere: plate tectonics. One commonality is the size and number of mantle plume features which are inferred to be active today and arise at the core mantle boundary. Such mantle plumes require heat loss from the core, yet Venus lacks a measurable interior dynamo. There is evidence for plume-induced subduction on Venus, but no apparent mosaic of moving plates. Absent plate tectonics, one essential question for interior dynamics is how did Venus obtain its young resurfacing age? Via catastrophic or equilibrium processes? Related questions are how does it lose heat via past periods of plate tectonics, has it always had a stagnant lid, or might it have an entirely different mode of heat loss? Although there has been no mission dedicated to surface and interior processes since the Magellan mission in 1990, near infrared surface emissivity data that provides information on the iron content of the surface mineralogy was obtained fortuitously from Venus Express. These data imply both the presence of continental-like crust, and thus formation in the presence of water, and recent volcanism at mantle hotspots. In addition, the study of interior dynamics for both Earth and exoplanets has led to new insights on the conditions required to initiate subduction and develop plate tectonics, including the possible role of high temperature lithosphere, and a renewed drive to reveal why Venus and Earth differ. Here we review current data that constrains the interior dynamics of Venus, new insights into its interior dynamics, and the data needed to resolve key questions.