Effect of Dimensions on the Efficiency of Radiant Energy Cells

This paper deals with the enhancement of the quantum efficiency and photovoltaic energy conversion efficiency of a p-n semiconducting cell by optimizing the dimensions of the cell. Based on the Shockley-Read statistics a general expression for the quantum efficiency of monochromatic incident radiant energy photons has been derived in terms of the absorption coefficient of the incident photons, the minority carrier diffusion length, the built-in electrostatic field appearing in diffused cells, and the surface recombination velocity in the exposed layer of the cell. Although the expressions derived may be used for all semiconducting p-n cells, special efforts have been made in the analysis and computations of the germanium p-n cell. The germanium cells show a great potential for photovoltaic energy conversion from radiant sources other than the sun. The results for germanium indicate that the quantum efficiency strongly depends upon the thicknesses of the exposed and base layers. The built-in electrostatic field and the surface recombination velocity in the exposed layer influence the quantum efficiency greatly. Optimization studies for the thicknesses of the exposed and base layers of an n-p type germanium for different values of minority carrier diffusion length, built-in electrostatic field, and surface recombination velocity have been worked out.     

声强测量的有效性分析及其在国产轻型飞机上的应用

本文对声强测量的有效性作了较全面分析，为精确的声测量奠定了基础。分析结果应用于某型飞机的声强测量中，为该型飞机的降噪工作提供了可靠的数据来源。     

浅谈高校贫困生心理突出问题及解决对策

高校贫困生是一个弱势群体，他们的思想状况比较复杂。不仅承受着经济和精神的双重压力，而且物质的贫困导致的自卑等种种心态也难以适度，从而使一些贫困生在思想认识和心理上存在着严重误区。本论文主要对高校贫困生心理突出问题进行分析，并且提出相应的解决对策。     

中日卫星双向时间比对稳定度的测定方法

阿伦方差是频率稳定度的常用测定方法,但它的局限性在于只针对取样间隔相等的情况,而对于取样间隔不等的被测定对象,测定结果会与实际大相径庭.中日时间频率传递数据的取样间隔分别为四天和三天,提出了一种新的测定方法,并将两种方法对中日比对数据在同一时段的频率稳定度做比较,证实了新方法较阿伦方差更适合取样间隔不等的数据稳定度的测定.     

B2C电子商务中信号机制的建立

首先提出双向信息不对称问题是制约B2C电子商务发展的关键,通过对信号传递理论的研究成果进行归纳,总结出建立B2C电子商务中信号机制需要符合的条件,并建立起B2C中信号机制的模型,即企业传递信号—消费者甄别的信号机制和消费者传递信号—企业甄别的信号机制。     

基于DSM的航天器信息建模方法及应用

将设计结构矩阵（DSM）技术应用于航天器研制的设计流程建模和信息建模,能够清晰准确地描述航天器各设计活动之间的信息耦合关系。根据航天器设计过程中跨分系统集成和协同设计的具体教学与培训需求,开发了一种基于DSM进行建模的工具软件,可用于建立一个基于设计参数信息的集成设计系统。根据其内在耦合关联关系,可实现各个分系统、各个模块、各个学科的参数信息一致和动态关联更新。     

Sliding mode control based guidance law with impact angle constraint

The terminal guidance problem for an unpowered lifting reentry vehicle against a sta- tionary target is considered. In addition to attacking the target with high accuracy, the vehicle is also expected to achieve a desired impact angle. In this paper, a sliding mode control （SMC）-based guidance law is developed to satisfy the terminal angle constraint. Firstly, a specific sliding mode function is designed, and the terminal requirements can be achieved by enforcing both the sliding mode function and its derivative to zero at the end of the flight. Then, a backstepping approach is used to ensure the finite-time reaching phase of the sliding mode and the analytic expression of the control effort can be obtained. The trajectories generated by this method only depend on the initial and terminal conditions of the terminal phase and the instantaneous states of the vehicle. In order to test the performance of the proposed guidance law in practical application, numerical simulations are carried out by taking all the aerodynamic parameters into consideration. The effec- tiveness of the proposed guidance law is verified by the simulation results in various scenarios.     

Lateral Flight Technical Error Estimation Model for Performance Based Navigation

Flight technical error (FTE) combined with navigation system error (NSE) is the main part of total system error (TSE) in performance based navigation (PBN).The implementation of PBN requires pre-flight prediction and en-route short-term dynamical prediction of the TSE.Once the sum of predicted lateral FTE and NSE is greater than the specified PBN value,the PBN cannot operate.Thus,accurate modeling and thorough analysis of lateral FTE are indispensible.Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) lateral track control system of a transport aircraft is designed using linear quadratic Gaussian and loop transfer recovery (LQG/LTR) method,and the lateral FTE of a turbulence disturbed approach operation is analyzed.The error estimation mapping function of latera FTE and its bound estimation algorithm are proposed based on singular value theory.According to the forming mechanism of lateral FTE,the algorithm considers environmental turbulence fluctuation disturbance,aircraft dynamics and control system parameters.Real-data-based Monte-Carlo simulation validates the theoretical analysis of FTE.It also shows that FTE is mainly caused by turbulence fluctuation disturbance when automatic flight control system (AFCS) is engaged and would increase with escalating environmental turbulence intensity.     

关于推动国内奖励旅游发展的若干思考

文章阐述了奖励旅游的概念及其规模大、消费高且稳定等特点,分析了奖励旅游对企业员工、出资企业以及旅行企业所产生的综合效应,最后结合奖励旅游市场目前所存在的市场培育及旅游产品设计的问题进行分析,并对旅游政策、经营观念的转变及产品的设计思路等方面提出了见解.     

纤维增强复合材料电子束固化工艺

纤维增强复合材料电子束固化工艺采用电子加速器给电子以足够的能量使树脂体系发生交联反应而固化。该工艺不需要热压罐,可在室温下固化。从而降低模具费用,节省能源,减小制品中的热应力,制品综合性能好,是纤维增强复合材料低成本生产的一种新颖方法。电子束固化的基本条件是要有可被电子束固化的树脂体系和电子加速器,该方法已被用来生产大型空间运载器的结构部件。