Exploring for natural gas using reflectance spectra of surface soils

Reflectance spectra in the visible and near-infrared wavelengths provide a rapid and inexpensive means for determining the mineralogy of samples and obtaining information on chemical composition. Hydrocarbon microseepage theory establishes a cause-and-effect relation between oil and gas reservoirs and some special surface anomalies, which mainly include surface hydrocarbon microseepage and related alterations. Therefore, we can explore for oil, gas by determining reflectance spectra of surface anomalies. This idea has been applied to the R&D project of exploring for natural gas in Qinghai province of China using NASA EO-1 satellite with the Hyperion sensor (June 2005 to June 2006). In this project, in order to improve the accuracy of exploration targets of natural gas mapped in the field studied, an integrated practical system of exploration of oil and gas was built by the analysis of not only hyperspectral remote sensing data but also data provided from field work. In this paper, our efforts were focused on the analysis of the 799 reflectance spectra provided from the field work. In order to properly define the typical form of hydrocarbon microseepage with spectroscopy and fulfill the data analysis, it was necessary to build a spectral model. In this spectral model the most important features of hydrocarbon microseepage in the surface of our study area, i.e., diagnostic spectral macroscopic features and diagnostic spectral absorption features, were proposed and extracted, respectively. The distribution of coexisting anomalies, which results from both alteration minerals and hydrocarbons, is estimated by the diagnostic macroscopic features mainly using Spectral Angle Mapper (SAM) classifier. On the other hand, the diagnostic absorption features of two main absorption bands presented abundant local information, based on deep analysis of which, we are able to map the anomalies of alteration minerals and hydrocarbons, respectively. Additionally, a general framework of analysis and key classification algorithms applied to the Hyperion data have been introduced briefly. In our work, three exploration targets of natural gas were identified from the study area which covers 2100 km². In the three exploration targets, three wildcats have been drilled by China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC) since July 2006, and all the three wells have been proven some industrial reserves.     

一种基于模糊决策的矩形目标提取算法

航空图片中的城市建筑物屋顶一般为矩形或平行四边形,能准确而快速地提取矩形,无论在军事上还是民用上都具有非常重要的意义.针对从航空图像中自动提取矩形建筑物目标的问题,提出了一种基于模糊决策的矩形目标提取方法.首先根据直线提取方法得到的直线特征集生成假设矩形空间,进而采用模糊数学方法进行证据融合得到决策信息,并对生成的假设矩形进行选择与验证,得到矩形目标结构特征.实验结果表明,该算法避免了固定阈值的设定,适应性强,鲁棒性好,有较强的实际应用价值.      

一种面向矢量视频处理器的并行存储结构

视频编解码算法不仅复杂度非常高,对数据存储需要密集的矢量化访问.针对这一问题提出了一种线性斜移结构的二维存储方案,支持任意行或任意列的单指令存取,与SIMD(Simple Instruction Multiple Data)结构的矢量处理器相结合,能够成倍的加速视频计算的执行效率.给出了该方案的地址计算逻辑和存储结构,精简的地址计算逻辑和数据重排逻辑构成了视频处理器的矢量地址产生单元,解决了数据重排的高延迟和高复杂度问题.结合H.264视频编码标准对这一结构的性能进行了分析和对比,对该编码标准中的运动估计,分像素插值和去块效应滤波这3个计算复杂度最高的模块在该结构下的执行效率进行了分析和对比.      

语音技术在智能仪器中的应用初探

在智能仪器中采用语音技术可改变传统仪器的“聋哑”状况 ,使仪器运行状况更为明晰 ,仪器操作更为可靠。本文介绍了语音的合成与输出技术 ,并就智能仪器中使用语音技术的方法进行了探讨。     

Cleaning space debris with a space-based laser system

High-energy pulsed laser radiation may be the most feasible means to mitigate the threat of collision of a space station or other valuable space assets with orbital debris in the size range of 1–10 cm. Under laser irradiation, part of the debris material is ablated and provides an impulse to the debris particle. Proper direction of the impulse vector either deflects the object trajectory or forces the debris on a trajectory through the upper atmosphere, where it burns up. Most research concentrates on ground-based laser systems but pays little attention to space-based laser systems.There are drawbacks of a ground-based laser system in cleaning space debris. Therefore the placement of a laser system in space is proposed and investigated. Under assumed conditions,the elimination process of space debris is analyzed. Several factors such as laser repetition frequency, relative movement between the laser and debris, and inclination of debris particles which may exercise influence to the elimination effects are discussed. A project of a space-based laser system is proposed according to the numerical results of a computer study. The proposed laser system can eliminate debris of 1–10 cm and succeed in protecting a space station.     

蚁群算法的改进设计及在航迹规划中的应用

将蚁群算法与人工势场算法相结合,提出了一种新的寻优算法。在算法的设计过程中,首先引入人工势场法进行蚁群算法初始信息素的分配,避免了在迭代初始阶段,信息素太少与启发信息不成比例而使得蚂蚁集中在启发信息最强的路径上,从而陷入局部最优的问题。其次,通过引入势场引导函数改进蚁群算法的状态转移函数,避免了在三维空间中蚂蚁搜索容易忽视节点周围障碍物因素,从而陷入盲目选择导致搜索时间过长的问题。将优化算法应用于无人机三维航迹规划问题的求解,并通过仿真验证了有效性。     

Adaptive double chain quantum genetic algorithm for constrained optimization problems

Optimization problems are often highly constrained and evolutionary algorithms(EAs)are effective methods to tackle this kind of problems. To further improve search efficiency and convergence rate of EAs, this paper presents an adaptive double chain quantum genetic algorithm(ADCQGA) for solving constrained optimization problems. ADCQGA makes use of doubleindividuals to represent solutions that are classified as feasible and infeasible solutions. Fitness(or evaluation) functions are defined for both types of solutions. Based on the fitness function, three types of step evolution(SE) are defined and utilized for judging evolutionary individuals. An adaptive rotation is proposed and used to facilitate updating individuals in different solutions.To further improve the search capability and convergence rate, ADCQGA utilizes an adaptive evolution process(AEP), adaptive mutation and replacement techniques. ADCQGA was first tested on a widely used benchmark function to illustrate the relationship between initial parameter values and the convergence rate/search capability. Then the proposed ADCQGA is successfully applied to solve other twelve benchmark functions and five well-known constrained engineering design problems. Multi-aircraft cooperative target allocation problem is a typical constrained optimization problem and requires efficient methods to tackle. Finally, ADCQGA is successfully applied to solving the target allocation problem.     

某型联翼布局无人机的气动计算与分析

与常规布局飞机相比,联翼布局飞机具有结构重量轻、抗弯扭强度大、诱导阻力低、升力系数大和稳定性好等优点。介绍一种高效的数值模拟方法,完成对某型联翼布局无人机气动特性的初步计算与分析。基于商业软件ANSYS,整个研究过程着重于从网格建模、全机流场模拟、气动模拟数据分析三个方面,探索该型无人机纵向、横向和航向的气动特性以及主操纵面的操纵效率,实现对该型无人机稳定性和操纵性能的表征与评估。结果表明:无人机升降舵偏角的变化不影响无人机的握杆静稳定度,并且在0°~25°的升降舵偏角(下偏)范围内,升降舵偏角与升降舵的升力系数基本呈线性变化;在-4°~12°的迎角范围内,随着迎角的不断增大,该型无人机的横向静稳定性水平越大;两个垂直翼和垂尾是产生航向静稳定性的主要部件。     

微处理机遥测数据接收处理系统

<正> 一、引言在具有数据压缩功能的遥测系统中,某一采样时刻的数据是否需要传输是随机的,这就有可能导致传输帧的不等长性,给接收端的同步造成了一定的困难。为了与原有的接收设备兼容,通常将经过压缩处理后的数据在形式上排列等长的传输帧,来解决帧同步问题。这种等长的压缩帧所包含的实际内容却千差万别,必须使用计算机进行分路、解压后,才能恢复