激光测速技术(LDV)诞生50周年启示

回顾50年来激光测速技术(LDV)的发展过程,取得的主要成就,科学家和工程技术人员作出的重大贡献。LDV为流体力学的实验研究提供了有力的测试手段,开辟了对复杂流动精确、定量、动态测量研究的新篇章。     

控制受限的编队航天器鲁棒自适应控制

研究了考虑控制受限的编队航天器鲁棒自适应轨道跟踪控制问题。针对航天器编队飞行系统中控制受限、外部扰动和模型不确定性的情况,利用反步控制方法和指令滤波设计提出了一种鲁棒自适应控制策略。指令滤波器用于补偿控制受限对于控制器的影响,同时设计了自适应律对未知参数进行估计,并且利用Lyapunov稳定性理论分析了闭环系统的渐近稳定性。和滑模控制等传统鲁棒控制不同,所设计的鲁棒自适应控制器是连续的,更便于航天器编队飞行系统的实现。仿真结果表明所设计的控制器既能实现高精度的编队飞行跟踪控制,又能保证控制受限的要求。     

Surface latent heat flux anomalies quasi-synchronous with ionospheric disturbances before the 2007 Pu’er earthquake in China

One of various mechanisms of pre-earthquake lithosphere–atmosphere–ionosphere coupling as possible explanation of the seismo-ionospheric effects is connected with the release of latent heat. Abnormal variations of ionospheric electromagnetic parameters possibly related to the 2007 Ms 6.4 Pu’er earthquake in China were reported. This paper attempts to examine whether there were abnormal changes of surface latent heat flux (SLHF) linked with this pre-earthquake ionospheric disturbances. The spatio-temporal statistical analyzes of multi-years SLHF data from USA NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis Project reveal that local SLHF enhancements appeared 11, 10 and 7 days before the Pu’er earthquake, respectively. As contrasted to the formerly reported local ionospheric Ne enhancement 9 days before the shock observed by DEMETER satellite, it is discovered that the SLHF and Ne anomalies are quasi-synchronous and have good spatial correspondence with the epicentre and the local active faults. This is valuable for understanding the seismogenic coupling processes and for recognizing earthquake anomaly with multiple parameters from integrated Earth observation system.     

一种拦截机动目标的多导弹协同制导律

针对多导弹协同拦截一个机动目标问题,基于有限时间一致性理论提出了一种带有攻击角约束的多导弹协同制导律。首先建立了带有攻击角约束的多导弹协同制导模型。其次,把协同制导律的设计过程分离为两个部分：一是基于有限时间一致性,同时结合积分滑模和自适应控制设计沿着视线方向上的加速度指令,保证所有的导弹能够在有限时间内同时拦截机动目标;二是利用非齐次干扰观测器并运用滑模控制设计视线法向上的加速度指令来保证每枚导弹与目标间的视线角速率收敛到零和视线角收敛到期望的视线角。最后,对三枚导弹同时打击同一机动目标的情况进行仿真,仿真结果表明该设计的带有攻击角约束的协同制导律的有效性和正确性。     

具有初始随机材料缺陷的非晶合金剪切带模拟

基于自由体积理论建立了以自由体积为内部参量的非晶合金本构模型,并通过ABAQUS UMAT子程序将之在有限元模拟中实现.以初始自由体积为材料缺陷参量,通过FORTRAN子程序抽取随机数及匹配单元编号的方法定义了初始随机材料缺陷.采用平面应变模型模拟了具有初始随机材料缺陷的非晶合金剪切带的形成和扩展过程,结果表明:自由体积局部增加会造成形变局部化,继而形成剪切带,并且剪切带的成核、形成和扩展会松弛周围应变和自由体积.数值模拟能有效捕捉非晶合金剪切带主要特征,其结果符合实验观察和自由体积理论预测.     

玄武岩纤维/ 酚醛树脂复合材料界面结合机理

分别用浓度为0.8wt%和1.0wt%的KH550硅烷偶联剂处理玄武岩纤维布,并制作成玄武岩纤维增强酚醛树脂(PF-BFRP)。经过力学检测和SEM的分析结果表明:0.8wt%组复合材料力学性能略高于1.0%组,且该组纤维表面的树脂附着层较厚且分布均匀,单根纤维表面的树脂附着量较多。根据FTIR结果的分析,推测出复合界面新形成的化学键为C—N—C和C—O—Si。树脂中苯酚与纤维表面的氨基、硅醇基分别形成了C—N—C键、C—O—Si键。XPS测试证实了0.8wt%组C—O—Si键的峰面积比大于1.0wt%组,说明0.8wt%组复合材料具有更好的界面性能。     

复合型雷达吸波材料结构优化设计的数值计算

基于多层复合型雷达吸波材料的设计要求构造了多目标优化的模型,将基本遗传算法(SGA)改进为自适应-混合遗传算法(MAHGA),通过数值计算为多层雷达吸波材料的结构优化提供了依据,依据计算结果制备了多层复合雷达吸波材料并进行了反射率和电磁参数测试实验,实验结果与计算结果吻合较好,复合材料具有良好的吸波性能,在8~18GHz低于-10dB的带宽可达7.8GHz,最大衰减量为-34.6dB,总厚度为3.5mm。     

Exploring for natural gas using reflectance spectra of surface soils

Reflectance spectra in the visible and near-infrared wavelengths provide a rapid and inexpensive means for determining the mineralogy of samples and obtaining information on chemical composition. Hydrocarbon microseepage theory establishes a cause-and-effect relation between oil and gas reservoirs and some special surface anomalies, which mainly include surface hydrocarbon microseepage and related alterations. Therefore, we can explore for oil, gas by determining reflectance spectra of surface anomalies. This idea has been applied to the R&D project of exploring for natural gas in Qinghai province of China using NASA EO-1 satellite with the Hyperion sensor (June 2005 to June 2006). In this project, in order to improve the accuracy of exploration targets of natural gas mapped in the field studied, an integrated practical system of exploration of oil and gas was built by the analysis of not only hyperspectral remote sensing data but also data provided from field work. In this paper, our efforts were focused on the analysis of the 799 reflectance spectra provided from the field work. In order to properly define the typical form of hydrocarbon microseepage with spectroscopy and fulfill the data analysis, it was necessary to build a spectral model. In this spectral model the most important features of hydrocarbon microseepage in the surface of our study area, i.e., diagnostic spectral macroscopic features and diagnostic spectral absorption features, were proposed and extracted, respectively. The distribution of coexisting anomalies, which results from both alteration minerals and hydrocarbons, is estimated by the diagnostic macroscopic features mainly using Spectral Angle Mapper (SAM) classifier. On the other hand, the diagnostic absorption features of two main absorption bands presented abundant local information, based on deep analysis of which, we are able to map the anomalies of alteration minerals and hydrocarbons, respectively. Additionally, a general framework of analysis and key classification algorithms applied to the Hyperion data have been introduced briefly. In our work, three exploration targets of natural gas were identified from the study area which covers 2100 km². In the three exploration targets, three wildcats have been drilled by China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC) since July 2006, and all the three wells have been proven some industrial reserves.     

一种基于模糊决策的矩形目标提取算法

航空图片中的城市建筑物屋顶一般为矩形或平行四边形,能准确而快速地提取矩形,无论在军事上还是民用上都具有非常重要的意义.针对从航空图像中自动提取矩形建筑物目标的问题,提出了一种基于模糊决策的矩形目标提取方法.首先根据直线提取方法得到的直线特征集生成假设矩形空间,进而采用模糊数学方法进行证据融合得到决策信息,并对生成的假设矩形进行选择与验证,得到矩形目标结构特征.实验结果表明,该算法避免了固定阈值的设定,适应性强,鲁棒性好,有较强的实际应用价值.