舰载遥测设备伺服跟踪视轴稳定方法研究

论述了舰船摇摆对视轴稳定的影响,给出了由于舰船摇摆所引起的视轴附加角速度公式;分析了陀螺稳定回路的性能,给出了数学模型。所采用的视轴稳定方法,经过海上试验,船摇隔离度满足技术指标的要求。     

A Celestial Analytic Positioning Method by Stellar Horizon Atmospheric Refraction

This article, in allusion to the limitation of conventional stellar horizon atmospheric refraction based on orbital dynamics model and nonlinear Kalman filter in practical applications, proposes a new celestial analytic positioning method by stellar horizon atmospheric refraction for high-altitude flight vehicles, such as spacecraft, airplanes and ballistic missiles. First, by setting up the geometric connexion among the flight vehicle, the Earth and the altitude of starlight refraction, an expression for the relationship of starlight refraction angle and atmospheric density is deduced. Second, there are produced a novel measurement model of starlight refraction in a continuous range of altitudes (CRA) from 20 km to 50 km on the basis of the standard atmospheric data in stratosphere, and an empirical formula of stellar horizon atmospheric refraction in the same altitudes against the tangent altitude. Third, there is introduced a celestial analytic positioning algorithm, which uses the least square differential correction instead of nonlinear Kalman filter. The information about positions of a flight vehicle can be obtained directly by solving a set of nonlinear measurement equations. The stellar positioning algorithm adopts the characteristics of stellar horizon atmospheric refraction thereby removing needs for orbit dynamics models and priori knowledge of flight vehicles. The simulation results evidence the validity of the proposed stellar positioning algorithm.     

Assessing attitude error of FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC satellites and its impact on orbit determination

An attitude determination and control system (ADCS) is critical to satellite attitude maneuvers and to the coordinate transformation from the inertial frame to the spacecraft frame. This paper shows specific sensors in the ADCS of the satellite mission FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC (F3/C) and the impact of the ADCS quality on orbit accuracy. The selection of main POD antenna depends on the beta angles of the different F3/C satellites (for FM2 and FM4) during the inflight phase. In particular, under the eclipse, alternative attitude sensors are activated to replace the Sun sensors, and such a sensor change leads to anomalous GPS phase residuals and a degraded orbit accuracy. Since the nominal attitude serves as a reference for ADCS, the 3-dimensional attitude-induced errors in reduced dynamic orbits over selected days in 2010 show 9.35, 10.78, 4.97, 5.48, 7.18, and 6.89 cm for FM1–FM6. Besides, the 3-dimensional velocity errors induced by the attitude effect are 0.10, 0.10, 0.07, 0.08, 0.09, and 0.10 for FM1–FM6. We analyze the quality of the observed attitude transformation matrix of F3/C and its impact on kinematic orbit determination. With 249 days of GPS in 2008, the analysis leads to the following averaged 3-dimensional attitude-induced orbit errors: 2.72, 2.62, 2.37, 1.90, 1.70, and 1.99 cm for satellites FM1–FM6. Critical suggestions of geodetic payloads for the follow-on mission of F3/C are presented based on the current result.     

A generalized rough set-based information filling technique for failure analysis of thruster experimental data

Interval-valued data and incomplete data are two key problems for failure analysis of thruster experimental data and have been basically solved by the proposed methods in this paper. Firstly, information data acquired from the simulation and evaluation system formed as intervalvalued information system （IIS） is classified by the interval similarity relation. Then, as an improvement of the classical rough set, a new kind of generalized information entropy called ＂H＇-information entropy＂ is suggested for the measurement of uncertainty and the classification ability of IIS. There is an innovative information filling technique using the properties of H＇-information entropy to replace missing data by some smaller estimation intervals. Finally, an improved method of failure analysis synthesized by the above achievements is presented to classify the thruster experimental data, complete the information, and extract the failure rules. The feasibility and advantage of this method is testified by an actual application of failure analysis, whose performance is evaluated by the quantification of E-condition entropy.     

应用深度核极限学习机的航空发动机部件故障诊断

运用传统单隐层的神经网络进行航空发动机部件故障诊断识别受其浅层结构影响,精度不高,而用深度置信网络(Deep belief network,DBN)等深度学习方法则存在耗时、参数训练复杂的问题。为解决现有的基于数据驱动的发动机部件故障诊断方法的不足,提高诊断精度,缩短训练时间,将核方法和多层极限学习机(Multilayer extreme learning machine,M-ELM)相结合,提出一种深度核极限学习机(Deep kernel extreme learning machine,DK-ELM)。算法首先利用深度网络结构对输入数据进行逐层的特征提取,抽象得到的特征通过核函数实现高维空间映射分类。这些措施有利于提高算法的分类精度和泛化性能,在训练速度上较深度学习也有明显的提高。将该算法与深度学习和其他极限学习机算法进行综合比较研究,结果表明:基于DK-ELM的诊断方法有效、可靠,便于实现,为航空发动机部件故障诊断提供一个更为优秀实用的工具。     

CVD纤维及其增强金属基复合材料强度的分布特征研究

采用单一Weibull统计分布函数来描述CVD纤维抗拉强度的分散性,发现具有不同断裂机制的缺陷所引发的断裂其拉伸强度分布分别符合Weibull分布,并具有各自独特的形态和参数;对热压复合前后的纤维的抗拉强度分布特征进行分析比较,结果表明热压复合过程对纤维的性能及抗拉强度分布特征有一定的影响,这主要是因为热压改变了纤维内部缺陷的类型和分布。另外还就以上研究结论在纤维的生产及其产品的性能表征方法、纤维增强金属基复合材料性能的非破坏性评估方法上的应用进行了讨论。     

涡轮盘销钉孔损伤容限分析新方法及其应用

本文提出温度及离心载荷作用下三维构件损伤容限分析方法。该方法采用新型双重边界元法分析温度及离心力载荷作用下的涡轮盘三维裂纹应力强度因子 (SIF) ,并结合 Paris公式及 Euler法获得涡轮盘销钉孔边裂纹扩展形状及裂纹扩展寿命 ,进而采用二次估计方法获得涡轮盘裂纹扩展寿命修正值。利用新型双重边界元法分析了销钉载荷、温度场、裂纹形状对轮盘孔边三维裂纹应力强度因子的影响 ,并对以往涡轮盘销钉孔边裂纹扩展寿命分析工程方法的近似性进行了讨论。文中算例表明采用本文方法分析复杂载荷三维裂纹扩展寿命具有效率高、建模方便的优点。     

某涡轮盘低循环疲劳概率寿命数值模拟

针对发动机轮盘疲劳萌生寿命具有较大分散性,且难于准确确定安全寿命边界的特点,基于应变疲劳概率分析模型,以转速、材料属性、盘轴连接销钉孔处过盈量作为随机变量,应用响应面与蒙特卡洛模拟结合,获得某涡轮盘寿命概率分布,并得到可靠度为99.87%的概率寿命,与轮盘试验技术寿命吻合良好。      

航空发动机燃油污染快速检测技术的初步研究

针对航空发动机润滑系统受到燃油污染的问题,提出1种基于红外光谱分析的快速检测技术。利用傅里叶变换红外光谱技术(FIRT),结合偏最小二乘算法(PLS),建立了燃油污染定量检测的数学校正模型。讨论了不同光谱预处理方法和PLS因子数对模型预测能力的影响。通过对光谱预处理和优化建模参数,提高了模型的预测精度,在一定的燃油质量分数范围内,得到了较为理想的数学校正模型。使用建立的分析模型对预测集样本进行预测,预测值与实际值相关性良好,相关系数R=0.9994,预测均方根误差RMSEP=0.082,重现性实验标准偏差SD=0.044~0.088。研究结果表明该燃油污染快速检测技术是可行的。     

冰粒超高速撞击蜂窝板的数值模拟研究

随着人类航天活动日益增多,空间碎片环境逐渐恶化,对航天器在轨安全运行造成严重威胁,各国学者开展了空间碎片超高速撞击数值模拟研究。目前的研究中一般采用铝弹丸代替空间碎片,但是还有部分空间碎片的密度接近冰的密度,对于冰粒的超高速撞击研究还很少且不透彻。蜂窝板是构成航天器舱壁的主要结构,对航天器内部设备起到保护作用,有必要开展冰粒超高速撞击时对蜂窝板损伤情况的相关研究工作。本文对冰粒超高速撞击蜂窝板开展数值模拟研究,研究冰粒对蜂窝板的损伤情况。研究结果表明,冰粒在一定条件下能够击穿蜂窝板,大量冰粒碎片和蜂窝板碎片将从蜂窝板背面的孔洞中高速冲出,势必对航天器内部设备造成毁伤;在冰粒动能相差不大的情况下,冰粒尺寸和蜂窝板结构将成为影响冰粒撞击效果的主要因素,直径较大的冰粒对蜂窝板的损伤程度较严重。