Uncertainty analysis and design optimization of hybrid rocket motor powered vehicle for suborbital flight

In this paper, we propose an uncertainty analysis and design optimization method and its applications on a hybrid rocket motor(HRM) powered vehicle. The multidisciplinary design model of the rocket system is established and the design uncertainties are quantified. The sensitivity analysis of the uncertainties shows that the uncertainty generated from the error of fuel regression rate model has the most significant effect on the system performances. Then the differences between deterministic design optimization(DDO) and uncertainty-based design optimization(UDO) are discussed. Two newly formed uncertainty analysis methods, including the Kriging-based Monte Carlo simulation(KMCS) and Kriging-based Taylor series approximation(KTSA), are carried out using a global approximation Kriging modeling method. Based on the system design model and the results of design uncertainty analysis, the design optimization of an HRM powered vehicle for suborbital flight is implemented using three design optimization methods: DDO, KMCS and KTSA. The comparisons indicate that the two UDO methods can enhance the design reliability and robustness. The researches and methods proposed in this paper can provide a better way for the general design of HRM powered vehicles.In this paper,we propose an uncertainty analysis and design optimization method and its applications on a hybrid rocket motor(HRM)powered vehicle.The multidisciplinary design model of the rocket system is established and the design uncertainties are quantified.The sensitivity analysis of the uncertainties shows that the uncertainty generated from the error of fuel regression rate model has the most significant effect on the system performances.Then the differences between deterministic design optimization(DDO)and uncertainty-based design optimization(UDO)are discussed.Two newly formed uncertainty analysis methods,including the Kriging-based Monte Carlo simulation(KMCS)and Kriging-based Taylor series approximation(KTSA),are carried out using a global approximation Kriging modeling method.Based on the system design model and the results of design uncertainty analysis,the design optimization of an HRM powered vehicle for suborbital flight is implemented using three design optimization methods:DDO,KMCS and KTSA.The comparisons indicate that the two UDO methods can enhance the design reliability and robustness.The researches and methods proposed in this paper can provide a better way for the general design of HRM powered vehicles.     

风洞阻塞度对起落架气动噪声测量影响的数值模拟研究

为了解风洞阻塞效应对起落架气动噪声测量的影响,用基于S-A湍流模式的延迟分离涡模拟(DDES)对四轮基本起落架模型进行了数值模拟。通过不同截面积的滑移壁面计算域模拟模型安装在不同截面积风洞中的效应,并通过将底面和侧面设为远场边界条件模拟了无风洞起落架的流动条件。阻塞度从0变化到8.8%,根据所得到的非定常流场计算了时均表面压力分布和表面声压级分布。计算显示表面声压级总体上随阻塞度增大而减小;存在一个4%~5%的阻塞度阈值范围,在此范围内表面声压级发生突然变化,大于或小于该阈值范围时表面声压级受阻塞度的影响不大;对阻塞度变化最敏感的部件为前轮,而后轮最不敏感。这说明不同阻塞度下模型的气动噪声特性与平均流动特性密切相关。     

翼身融合民机扰流板增升技术

为满足翼身融合（BWB）民机增升装置简单、高效的设计需求,以配置三段高升力系统的BWB民机增升构型为对象,采用数值模拟方法研究了下偏扰流板技术的增升机理与设计原则。研究结果表明,设计合理的下偏扰流板能够将BWB民机增升构型设计点升力系数提高约20%;其增升机理集中体现为对缝道射流、流场能量分布、环量及其分布的控制作用。其应用于BWB民机增升装置的设计原则为：扰流板偏转后上表面延长线应与襟翼上表面相切,控制缝道宽度使增升装置环量增大并前移,控制扰流板偏度避免扰流板内段过早分离。研究还表明,受增升装置三维效应影响,扰流板下偏翼型上洗作用越强,则相应三维增升装置升力损失越大,并呈近似线性变化规律。下偏扰流板改造简单,且有助于简化襟翼作动机构,是一种很有潜力的增升技术,具有深入研究的价值和良好的应用前景。     

翼身融合背撑发动机反推绕流流场数值研究

基于RANS（Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes）方法,采用SST（shear stress transport）湍流模型和进排气边界条件,对翼身融合背撑发动机反推绕流流场进行了数值模拟,探究得到反推气流动力影响下机体气动载荷的变化规律,并评估了不同发动机功率下反推的增阻效果,以及对进气道流场畸变特性进行了初步的分析。结果表明:反推气流会显著影响机体气动载荷的分布状况,发动机前方的机体表面压力逐渐增大,经过反推出流带后,表面压力急剧减小,沿展向其影响逐渐减弱;在一定范围内,反推气流的轴向折流角越大,对气动载荷分布的影响越剧烈,增阻效果也越好;轴向折流角和来流马赫数的变化会影响进气道流场畸变特性。      

BNi-2非晶钎料钎焊高铌TiAl合金与GH3536合金接头组织与性能

采用非晶态BNi-2钎料成功实现了高铌TiAl合金与GH3536合金的连接,获得良好的钎焊接头。钎焊接头的典型界面组织为TAN/B2+τ3/τ4+（Ni-Ti）-B/γ+（Ni-Ti）-B+CrB+G相/GH3536。通过分析钎焊温度对接头界面微观组织的影响,表明BNi-2钎料中B元素的扩散以及GH3536合金向液态钎料中的溶解对界面组织结构演变起着至关重要的作用。而随着钎焊温度的升高,扩散IV区逐渐消失,接头由4个区域变为3个区域,τ3/τ4化合物层及钎缝区域均逐渐增厚,黑色CrB相发生粗化,细小点状（Ni,Ti）-B含量减少。1 160℃保温10 min时,所获得的钎焊接头最大室温及高温（700℃）抗剪强度分别为~106.8 MPa和~76.2 MPa,其剪切强度降低约28.6%,接头均呈现脆性断裂模式。接头形成过程可以划分为固相扩散、液相生成、等温扩散凝固和残余液相析出4个阶段。     

等寿命曲线在直升机动部件疲劳定寿中的应用

直升机动部件的疲劳定寿中,为考虑平均载荷的影响,不可避免地需要采用简化的近似等寿命曲线对疲劳特性和飞行载荷进行修正处理。为防止因修正处理不当而造成影响定寿结论和使用安全,本文对目前国内外常采用的修正方法进行了分析,并提出了工程应用中的处理原则和措施。     

机载合成孔径雷达动目标检测与成像技术的发展(英文)

基于机载合成孔径雷达 (SAR)的地面运动目标检测与成像技术已经成为现代雷达技术发展的一个重点。本文首先建立了运动目标回波的数学模型 ,在此基础上分析了机载 SAR对运动目标成像的特点 ,然后对近年来这一技术的发展过程和研究现状进行了全面的综述 ,最后对这一领域今后的发展方向进行了展望。     

管道机器人动力学分析

在分析了开链式拓扑结构的多节蠕动机器人结构和运动特点的基础上,利用空间算子代数(Spatial operator algebra,SOA)方法,建立了适用于这类机器人系统的通用动力学模型,为验证所建立的动力学模型的正确性,将原理样机运行试验和与动力学仿真分析结果进行了对比.在此基础上,利用该动力学模型,对样机结构的改进与优化,并对机器人运动学和动力学性能的影响进行了分析和评估,为机器人运动控制策略的拟定提供了重要的依据.     

Solar Wind Electron Observations Near Solar Maximum at High Latitudes From Thermal Noise Spectroscopy

The Ulysses spacecraft is reaching high heliolatitudes during the approach to solar maximum. We show preliminary in situ electron observations from the URAP experiment, using thermal noise spectroscopy. This method is especially suited to measure accurately the electron density and thermal temperature. The data acquired in the period June–September 2000 are compared to those obtained at similar heliolatitudes near solar activity minimum and in the ecliptic plane near both solar maximum and minimum. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

脉冲／变燃面法测定含铝推进剂的响应函数和微粒直径

介绍了在T形燃烧器中用脉冲/变燃面法测定含铝推进剂的响应函数和Al_2O_3微粒平均直径的试验方法和试验原理.并介绍了试验测试系统和试验结果.该试验可为固体火箭发动机燃烧不稳定性预估提供原始数据.