航天运载器的电气系统数字化研制技术

针对运载器电气系统的数字化,给出研制过程中层次的划分、研制的关键环节及相互关系,并对运载器电气系统的数字样机技术和产品全生命周期管理技术进行扼要的分析,最后给出完整的应用系统框架结构。为运载器的数字化研制作了重要的补充。     

GPS伪卫星组合定位方法及在变形监测中的应用

针对GPS在城市高楼密集区、深山峡谷等区域所跟踪的可见星数目少且分布不佳导致定位精度下降,以及GPS系统本身在垂直方向定位精度较差的问题,提出GPS伪卫星组合定位新方法,利用伪卫星增强GPS技术提高定位精度。建立了GPS和伪卫星组合定位的观测模型,分析了伪卫星多路径效应的特点,给出了减弱伪卫星多路径误差的有效方法。对某大坝坝区的实测数据进行处理的结果表明,文中所提出的方法能有效地减弱伪卫星多路径效应产生的误差,GPS和伪卫星组合定位方法提高了系统的定位精度,特别是垂直方向的精度。     

侧滑对后掠翼飞机俯仰操纵影响的探讨

运用基础理论，对后掠翼飞机出现侧滑时的地仰状态变化进行分析。文中推导了后掠翼飞机的后掠角在有侧滑时对升力的影响，以及下洗角大小和分布的变化在水平尾翼处引起的俯仰力矩变化。通过时几种飞机的计算和分析比较，说明了后掠角在侧滑中具有提供上仰力矩的作用，从而在理论上解决了大后掠角飞机（如Ｊ—６飞机）出现侧滑时的急剧上仰现象和操纵措施问题，为在飞行中出现偏差进行修正提供了理论依据。对提高飞行员的驾驶技术和保证飞行安全有着积极的作用。     

低RCS飞行器表面弱散射源研究

飞行器表面不同宽度缝隙、不同高度台阶、不同结构形式对缝（主要包括横向对缝、锯齿对缝两种）等弱散射源对前方雷达截面（RCS）有着比较重要的影响,为了说明控制弱散射源的重要性,介绍了常规飞行器表面结构的缝隙、台阶等弱散射源的分布情况及特点,采用理论方法分析了缝隙的雷达后向散射强度,设计了低RCS载体和实验模型,开展了不同宽度缝隙、不同高度台阶、不同结构形式对缝的RCS实验。结果表明：减小缝隙宽度、台阶高度,采用锯齿缝隙代替直缝隙等方法,是控制隐身飞行器表面电磁缺陷的有效技术途径。     

Severe disruption of the cytoskeleton and immunologically relevant surface molecules in a human macrophageal cell line in microgravity—Results of an in vitro experiment on board of the Shenzhou-8 space mission

During spaceflight the immune system is one of the most affected systems of the human body. During the SIMBOX (Science in Microgravity Box) mission on Shenzhou-8, we investigated microgravity-associated long-term alterations in macrophageal cells, the most important effector cells of the immune system. We analyzed the effect of long-term microgravity on the cytoskeleton and immunologically relevant surface molecules. Human U937 cells were differentiated into a macrophageal phenotype and exposed to microgravity or 1g on a reference centrifuge on-orbit for 5 days. After on-orbit fixation, the samples were analyzed with immunocytochemical staining and confocal microscopy after landing. The unmanned Shenzhou-8 spacecraft was launched on board a Long March 2F (CZ-2F) rocket from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center (JSLC) and landed after a 17-day-mission. We found a severely disturbed actin cytoskeleton, disorganized tubulin and distinctly reduced expression of CD18, CD36 and MHC-II after the 5 days in microgravity. The disturbed cytoskeleton, the loss of surface receptors for bacteria recognition, the activation of T lymphocytes, the loss of an important scavenger receptor and of antigen-presenting molecules could represent a dysfunctional macrophage phenotype. This phenotype in microgravity would be not capable of migrating or recognizing and attacking pathogens, and it would no longer activate the specific immune system, which could be investigated in functional assays. Obviously, the results have to be interpreted with caution as the model system has some limitations and due to numerous technical and biological restrictions (e.g. 23 °C and no CO₂ supply during in-flight incubation). All parameter were carefully pre-tested on ground. Therefore, the experiment could be adapted to the experimental conditions available on Shenzhou-8.     

嵌入式高可信架构中基于静态模型的调度研究

为解决嵌入式高可信软件架构中的实时调度问题,分析了现有采用分区机制的安全系统中分区调度的不足,提出了一种基于固定周期分区的静态调度模型,并采用优先级位图算法建立了两级调度机制。为了保障分区中任务的实时性和正确性,对分区中任务采用静态优先级和最早时限优先调度(EDF)动态优先级两种调度策略,分别就其任务调度条件和可调度性进行了理论研究,针对复杂的动态优先级任务提出了一种可调度条件,并通过仿真实验进一步验证了此调度条件的正确性。     

舱外航天服热设计技术

提出了舱外航天服热设计技术的研究内容,回顾了国内外在该领域的研究现状.分析了二维冷／热宽温度范围内的人体热调节系统、手指温度仿真以及液冷通风系统传热传质过程,建立了舱外航天服热设计仿真技术平台.通过人体热生理实验对该热设计仿真技术进行了验证.      

Enhancing the efectiveness of film cooling

Advanced gas turbine stages are designed to operate at increasingly higher inlet temperatures to increase thermal efficiency and specific power output.To maintain durability and reasonable life,film cooling is needed in addition to internal cooling,especially for the first stage.Film cooling lowers material temperature by forced convection inside film-cooling holes and by forming a layer of coolant about component surfaces to insulate them from the hot gases.Unfortunately,each cooling jet forms a pair of counter-rotating vortices that entrains hot gas and causes the film-cooling jet to lift off from the surface that it is intended to protect.This paper gives an overview of efforts to enhance the effectiveness of film-cooling.This paper also describes two new design concepts.One design concept seeks to minimize the entrainment of hot gases underneath of film-cooling jets by using flow-aligned blockers.The other design concept shifts the interaction between the approaching hot gas and the cooling jet to occur further above the surface by using an upstream ramp.For both design concepts,computational fluid dynamics results are presented to examine their usefulness in enhancing film-cooling effectiveness.      

飞机进气道／发动机匹配工作流场测试和分析

在介绍全尺寸飞机进气道／发动机匹配工作流场测试系统的基础上,给出了在发动机前安装飞机前机身后,在南面台架试车时测得的进口压力场数据,计算了进口压力场的畸变指数,分析了流场畸变图谱。     

Solar Wind Electron Observations Near Solar Maximum at High Latitudes From Thermal Noise Spectroscopy

The Ulysses spacecraft is reaching high heliolatitudes during the approach to solar maximum. We show preliminary in situ electron observations from the URAP experiment, using thermal noise spectroscopy. This method is especially suited to measure accurately the electron density and thermal temperature. The data acquired in the period June–September 2000 are compared to those obtained at similar heliolatitudes near solar activity minimum and in the ecliptic plane near both solar maximum and minimum. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.