不同多壁碳纳米管改性的玻璃纤维增强复合材料的层间剪切性能的研究(英文)

The interlaminar shear property of composites remains a serious concern in application. In this article, five different multiwalled carbon nanotubes （MWCNTs） are tried to improve the interlaminar shear property of composites, including two MWCNTs （MWCNTs-A and MWCNTs-B） different with diameters and lengths, an orientated MWCNTs （MWCNTs-C）, a film-shaped MWCNTs-A （MWCNTs-D）, and a surface-treated MWCNTs-B （MWCNTs-E）, The interlaminar shear strength （ILSS） of the composites, filled with one of the above-mentioned materials as a constituent is investigated. The best ILSS increases by 8.16% from 24,5 MPa to 26.5 MPa with MWCNTs-E. In addition, the dispersion of MWCNTs in a glass fiber-reinforced polymer （GFRP） is researched by a scanning electron microscopy （SEM） in association with the ILSS results.     

美国航空航天平台与推进系统的未来发展及启示

介绍了美国20世纪50年代以来的航空航天预研计划详细内容及实施情况,分析了美国航空航天发展战略并归纳总结了支撑该战略的航空飞行平台、临近太空飞行平台、进入太空飞行平台和太空飞行平台的发展和特点,综述了可用于4大飞行平台的推进系统,如自适应发动机、高速涡轮发动机、超燃冲压发动机和组合循环发动机技术的研制现状和未来发展,获得了中国航空航天技术的发展应该实施国家战略、夯实技术基础和适时调整目标等启示.     

Performance simulation of high altitude scientific balloons

The design and operation of a high altitude scientific balloon requires adequate knowledge of the thermal characteristics of the balloon to make it safe and reliable. The thermal models and dynamic models of altitude scientific balloons are established in this paper. Based on the models, a simulation program is developed. The thermal performances of a super pressure balloon are simulated. The influence of film radiation property and clouds on balloon thermal behaviors is discussed in detail. The results are helpful for the design and operate of safe and reliable high altitude scientific balloons.     

论人本主义心理学在外语阅读教学中的应用

人本主义心理学认为,教育应该以促进人的全面发展为目标,重视作为个体的学习者,尊重个人需求和情感因素。人本主义教学观应用于阅读教学将有效调动外语阅读理解过程中的情感变量,补偿外语语言知识及阅读能力的弱势,极大地激发学习者的积极情感,进而有效降低阅读焦虑,提高学生的阅读兴趣。     

Glacier mapping based on rough set theory in the Manas River watershed

Precise glacier information is important for assessing climate change in remote mountain areas. To obtain more accurate glacier mapping, rough set theory, which can deal with vague and uncertainty information, was introduced to obtain optimal knowledge rules for glacier mapping. Optical images, thermal infrared band data, texture information and morphometric parameters were combined to build a decision table used in our proposed rough set theory method. After discretizing the real value attributes, decision rules were calculated through the decision rule generation algorithm for glacier mapping. A decision classifier based on the generated rules classified the multispectral image into glacier and non-glacier areas. The result of maximum likelihood classification (MLC) was used to compare with the result of the classification based on the rough set theory. Confusion matrix and visual interpretation were used to evaluate the overall accuracy of the results of the two methods. The accuracies of the rough set method and maximum likelihood classification were compared, yielding overall accuracies of 94.15% and 93.88%, respectively. It showed the area difference based on rough set was smaller by comparing the glacier areas of the rough set method and MLC with visual interpreter, respectively. The high accuracy for glacier mapping and the small area difference for glacier based on rough set theory demonstrated that this method was effective and promising for glacier mapping.     

基于变步长CFD/RBD方法的旋转弹轨迹仿真

采用变步长方法实现非定常Navier-Stokes方程和刚体六自由度运动方程的耦合求解,并对美国ARL旋转弹试验模型的飞行轨迹进行了仿真。旋转弹自由飞行过程中受到空气阻力作用,转速下降,气动力变化趋缓。因此轨迹仿真时先选取较小的时间步长,随着转速的下降逐渐增大步长,这样可以减少计算时间。刚体六自由度运动方程的数值求解采用变步长Adams预估校正法。将定步长和变步长两种方法应用于旋转弹实验模型轨迹仿真,并将计算得到的旋转弹空间位置、姿态角与试验结果进行了对比,结果显示:方法能较精确地仿真旋转弹飞行轨迹。在相同初始步长条件下,变步长方法较定步长方法计算时间减半;在相同计算时间条件下,变步长方法较定步长方法精度更高。     

燃烧室分配器式扩压器性能数值研究

高性能航空发动机燃烧室进口马赫数的不断提高会导致扩压器总压损失急剧增加,设计了一种新型的燃烧室扩压装置—分配器式扩压器,采用CFD方法对其进行了数值模拟,重点研究了分配器式扩压器的总压损失,结果表明,数值模拟结果与理论分析相吻合,并且在Ma高达0.36时,设计的分配器式扩压器矩形结构的总压损失为4.79%,小于短突扩扩压器的总压损失,可以满足高性能发动机对燃烧室扩压器性能的要求。     

基于PCC的航空机轮静载荷试验台控制系统研究

设计了一种基于PCC和工控机组成的航空机轮静载荷试验台控制系统,充分利用了PCC可靠性高、扩展性好等的优点,构建了一个性能稳定、功能强大的机轮载荷控制系统,有效提高了控制系统的自动化水平,大大降低了电气控制系统的复杂程度,使得航空机轮静载荷试验台控制系统能够可靠地完成机轮静态性能检测任务.     

A new landing impact attenuation seat in manned spacecraft biologically-inspired by felids

When manned spacecraft comes back to the earth, it relies on the impact attenuation seat to protect astronauts from injuries during landing phase. Hence, the seat needs to transfer impact load, as small as possible, to the crew. However, there is little room left for traditional seat to improve further. Herein, a new seat system biologically-inspired by felids’ landing is proposed.Firstly, a series of experiments was carried out on cats and tigers, in which they were trained to jump down voluntarily from different heights. Based on the ground reaction forces combined with kinematics, the experiment indicated that felids’ landing after self-initial jump was a multi-step impact attenuation process and the new seat was inspired by this. Then the construction and work process of new seat were redesigned to realize the multi-step impact attenuation. The dynamic response of traditional and new seat is analyzed under the identical conditions and the results show that the new concept seat can significantly weaken the occupant overload in two directions compared with that of traditional seat. As a consequence, the risk of injury evaluated for spinal and head is also lowered, meaning a higher level of protection which is especially beneficial to the debilitated astronaut.