表面活性剂对煤沥青浸渍性能的影响

研究了表面活性剂对煤沥青浸渍性能的影响.实验结果表明:加入少量的表面活性剂后,煤沥青的软化点、粘度等流变性能都得到较大幅度的改善,而残炭率影响不大.对表面活性剂改性煤沥青的机理进行了比较深入地探讨.     

Geometric error analysis of an over-constrained parallel tracking mechanism using the screw theory

This paper deals with geometric error modeling and sensitivity analysis of an overconstrained parallel tracking mechanism. The main contribution is the consideration of overconstrained features that are usually ignored in previous research. The reciprocal property between a motion and a force is applied to tackle this problem in the framework of the screw theory. First of all, a nominal kinematic model of the parallel tracking mechanism is formulated. On this basis, the actual twist of the moving platform is computed through the superposition of the joint twist and geometric errors. The actuation and constrained wrenches of each limb are applied to exclude the joint displacement. After eliminating repeated errors brought by the multiplication of wrenches, a geometric error model of the parallel tracking mechanism is built. Furthermore,two sensitivity indices are defined to select essential geometric errors for future kinematic calibration. Finally, the geometric error model with minimum geometric errors is verified by simulation with SolidWorks software. Two typical poses of the parallel tracking mechanism are selected, and the differences between simulation and calculation results are very small. The results confirm the correctness and accuracy of the geometric error modeling method for over-constrained parallel mechanisms.     

二维非结构网格的一个TVD型有限体积方法

考虑双曲型守恒律方程,对二维非结构三角形网格给出一种 TVD型有限体积方法,主要思想是在一阶单调格式的基础上,在每一个单元上对变量作单调线性重构函数,时间离散采用二阶 Runge-Kutta方法。通过计算分析了该方法的精度,对平面激波反射和空穴流动的计算结果表明该方法是成功的。     

Influence of TiB2 particles on machinability and machining parameter optimization of TiB2/Al MMCs

In situ formed TiB₂ particle reinforced aluminum matrix composites (TiB₂/Al MMCs) have some extraordinary properties which make them be a promising material for high performance aero-engine blade. Due to the influence of TiB₂ particles, the machinability is still a problem which restricts the application of TiB₂/Al MMCs. In order to meet the industrial requirements, the influence of TiB₂ particles on the machinability of TiB₂/Al MMCs was investigated experimentally. Moreover, the optimal machining conditions for this kind of MMCs were investigated in this study. The major conclusions are: (1) the machining force of TiB₂/Al MMCs is bigger than that of non-reinforced alloy and mainly controlled by feed rate; (2) the residual stress of TiB₂/Al MMCs is compressive while that of non-reinforced alloy is nearly neutral; (3) the surface roughness of TiB₂/Al MMCs is smaller than that of non-reinforced alloy under the same cutting speed, but reverse result was observed when the feed rate increased; (4) a multi-objective optimization model for surface roughness and material removal rate (MRR) was established, and a set of optimal parameter combinations of the machining was obtained. The results show a great difference from SiC particle reinforced MMCs and provide a useful guide for a better control of machining process of this material.     

操作相关的发动机载荷谱模型与仿真研究

以某型歼击机发动机重心法向过载谱为例,进行统计分析,建立了与操作相关的航空发动机载荷谱的数学模型,并验证了模型的合理性。研究表明:一个操作相关的发动机载荷谱可以用泊松随机过程描述,由持续时间分布和到达时间间隔分布以及载荷持续时间累积频次曲线和载荷穿级计数次数累积频次曲线等四个因素完全确定,其中持续时间和到达时间间隔均服从指数分布。在保证上述四个方面等效的基础上,提出了操作相关的载荷谱仿真方法,并对该发动机的重心法向过载谱进行了仿真,结果表明与实测载荷谱吻合较好,仿真方法可行。      

民用航空发动机TA19电子束焊疲劳试验

针对民用航空发动机钛合金整体叶盘常用材料TA19开展其母材试件与电子束焊焊接试件在20,300,450℃的疲劳试验,通过焊接试件的焊缝材料断口与母材断口形貌的比较探讨了焊缝材料的疲劳破坏机理,并在104~106循环的疲劳寿命区间内采用Basquin模型分别建立了焊缝材料和母材的应力-疲劳寿命(S-N)曲线,结果显示母材试件与焊接试件的试验疲劳寿命大部分都落在了对应模型计算疲劳寿命的2倍线之内,表明试验得到的S-N曲线是合理的.焊接试件与母材试件的S-N曲线的对比分析表明,20℃时焊接试件的疲劳性能比母材试件略高,而在300℃和450℃时焊接试件与母材试件的疲劳性能差异随应力水平发生变化.但总地说来,在所关注疲劳寿命区间内,母材试件与焊接试件的计算疲劳寿命差异也在2倍线以内,初步表明两者的疲劳性能相当.      

跨声速压气机转子叶尖非定常流场数值研究

采用时间精确求解方法对某高负荷跨声速轴流压气机转子在98%设计转速下的叶尖非定常流场进行了数值研究.结果显示,激波自身振荡不明显,叶尖区域流动的非定常性主要来源于叶尖泄漏涡的破碎及其与激波之间的相互干涉.对比设计状态与失速状态下叶尖泄漏涡的特点发现:在近失速点时,叶尖区域间歇性出现前缘溢流.分析表明:叶尖泄漏涡在激波后破碎是造成堵塞的主要原因,也是造成spike型失速初始扰动的原因.      

冲击＋同向对流＋气膜冷却的三维壁温计算与分析

采用Fluent 6.3软件对冲击＋同向对流＋气膜冷却结构的壁温进行了流固耦合传热计算,获得了该复合冷却结构的壁温和冷却效果分布规律,并将计算结果与试验结果进行了对比.结果表明：冲击＋同向对流＋气膜冷却具有壁温分布均匀、冷却效果好等优点.计算结果与试验结果的分布趋势一致,最大相对误差为3.6%.     

热处理对二次锻造高Nb-TiAl基合金组织的影响

研究了热处理对二次锻造高Nb-TiAl基合金组织的影响。通过对Ti-45Al-9(Nb,W,B,Y)金属间化合物进行不同的热处理,得到不同的显微组织。结果表明,经1310℃/20min+1250℃/2h/AC热处理后,β相被有效地消除,得到细小均匀的双态组织。此后直接加热到α单相区,得到条带状的全片层组织。增加在两相区的停留,得到相对比较均匀细小的全片层组织。将锻造组织先转变为近γ组织再进行全片层组织处理,得到最均匀细小的全片层组织。     

夹杂对粉末高温合金裂纹扩展寿命的影响

采用有限元方法中的奇异单元,研究了当粉末高温合金FGH 95中存在由夹杂引起的裂纹时,夹杂对裂纹应力强度因子的影响;并在此基础上,利用Paris公式,计算了夹杂对裂纹扩展寿命的影响。研究结果表明:当夹杂处于裂纹的不同位置时,对应力强度因子的影响趋势也不同,且硬夹杂的影响趋势与软夹杂相反;存在软夹杂时,将夹杂当作初始裂纹,不考虑夹杂的影响得出的裂纹扩展寿命结果是安全的,而对于硬夹杂得出的结果偏于危险,对于FGH 95粉末高温合金,夹杂相对于基体材料其弹性模量偏小,为软夹杂,因此将夹杂当作初始裂纹计算裂纹扩展寿命时不考虑夹杂的影响,将得到偏于安全的裂纹扩展寿命计算结果。这一结论为简化粉末冶金涡轮盘的寿命分析提供了依据。