超燃冲压发动机燃烧室碳氢燃料的点火和火焰稳定研究

在氢氧加热脉冲风洞上,对超音速燃烧室在进口2Ma、总温960~1 420 K条件下的碳氢燃料的点火和火焰稳定进行了实验研究。在直连式超音速燃烧室实验中,通过采用火花塞 氢先锋火焰、火花塞 乙烯先锋火焰的方法实现了煤油燃料的点火和火焰稳定。研究结果显示,当采用氢作为先锋火焰时,利用火花塞能够在燃烧室进口总温960 K条件下实现煤油的点火和火焰稳定;当采用乙烯作为先锋火焰时,利用火花塞,实现没有点火和火焰稳定的最低温度为1 420 K。     

美国阿尔忒弥斯载人登月计划进展

自美国20世纪70年代通过阿波罗计划实现载人登月后,人类再也没有踏上过月球表面。近年来随着深空探测活动的再次兴起,美国启动了新一轮的载人登月计划,即阿尔忒弥斯载人登月计划。这项由NASA主导、多方参与的登月计划,目标不仅是将美国宇航员再次送上月球,还要在月球建立长期运营基地,并为后续的载人探火行动奠定基础。文章对这一计划所涉及的战略部署及任务要素进行了概述,涵盖登月着陆点选择、运载火箭与飞船、着陆器与有效载荷、“门户”绕月空间站以及商业航天的参与。最后讨论了美国阿尔忒弥斯计划对我国未来探月工程的启示。     

基于等离子体激励的圆柱绕流控制实验研究

为验证低雷诺数条件下,采用大气压等离子体流动控制技术进行圆柱绕流控制的有效性,设计了圆柱绕流实验系统,并开展了圆柱绕流实验研究.实验研究表明,在雷诺数为1.35×104和1.90×104的条件下,等离子体激励器产生的流动扰动,能够有效控制圆柱体绕流的流动分离,并显著改善分离流场,增涡、减涡效果明显.实验结果表明,大气压等离子体流动控制技术是钝体绕流流动特性控制的一种有效手段.     

微量气味成分的自由基簇射技术脱除

研究了密闭体系中微量气味污染物的脱除作用与机理。采用电晕放电自由基簇射技术，实现了人工环境下氧化性自由基的产生；以电子自旋共振技术（ESR）对气态羟基自由基实施了捕集和检测，验证了在羟基自由基的存在下NH3被氧化为N2。通过U—I获得反应能耗和污染物去除效率为：NH3脱除效率为90．6％时，能耗1．0W。研究表明：自由基簇射技术产生的氧化性自由基可有效去除密闭生存环境中产生的NH3等微量有害气味成分，将在空间站等密闭生存系统内空气净化中有很好的应用前景。     

影子工资理论的发展与应用

影子工资是为实现一定的经济发展目标而人为确定的,比名义工资或实际工资更能准确地反映劳动力资源的真实价值,并能促进其合理流动与利用的经济价格。它不仅能合理地反映劳动力价值,而且还能反映社会消耗、劳动力市场的供求关系和劳动力资源的稀缺或过剩程度,有利于资源的优化配置。影子工资理论的发展经历了线性规划对偶法、市场均衡价格理论及其拓展、按贸易货物口岸价调节的国际市场价格理论等阶段。国际通用的影子工资测算方法有UNIDO法、L-M法、S-V-T法和阿拉伯法,等等。     

Influence of TiB2 particles on machinability and machining parameter optimization of TiB2/Al MMCs

In situ formed TiB₂ particle reinforced aluminum matrix composites (TiB₂/Al MMCs) have some extraordinary properties which make them be a promising material for high performance aero-engine blade. Due to the influence of TiB₂ particles, the machinability is still a problem which restricts the application of TiB₂/Al MMCs. In order to meet the industrial requirements, the influence of TiB₂ particles on the machinability of TiB₂/Al MMCs was investigated experimentally. Moreover, the optimal machining conditions for this kind of MMCs were investigated in this study. The major conclusions are: (1) the machining force of TiB₂/Al MMCs is bigger than that of non-reinforced alloy and mainly controlled by feed rate; (2) the residual stress of TiB₂/Al MMCs is compressive while that of non-reinforced alloy is nearly neutral; (3) the surface roughness of TiB₂/Al MMCs is smaller than that of non-reinforced alloy under the same cutting speed, but reverse result was observed when the feed rate increased; (4) a multi-objective optimization model for surface roughness and material removal rate (MRR) was established, and a set of optimal parameter combinations of the machining was obtained. The results show a great difference from SiC particle reinforced MMCs and provide a useful guide for a better control of machining process of this material.     

Geometric error analysis of an over-constrained parallel tracking mechanism using the screw theory

This paper deals with geometric error modeling and sensitivity analysis of an overconstrained parallel tracking mechanism. The main contribution is the consideration of overconstrained features that are usually ignored in previous research. The reciprocal property between a motion and a force is applied to tackle this problem in the framework of the screw theory. First of all, a nominal kinematic model of the parallel tracking mechanism is formulated. On this basis, the actual twist of the moving platform is computed through the superposition of the joint twist and geometric errors. The actuation and constrained wrenches of each limb are applied to exclude the joint displacement. After eliminating repeated errors brought by the multiplication of wrenches, a geometric error model of the parallel tracking mechanism is built. Furthermore,two sensitivity indices are defined to select essential geometric errors for future kinematic calibration. Finally, the geometric error model with minimum geometric errors is verified by simulation with SolidWorks software. Two typical poses of the parallel tracking mechanism are selected, and the differences between simulation and calculation results are very small. The results confirm the correctness and accuracy of the geometric error modeling method for over-constrained parallel mechanisms.     

基于人工神经网络的停机坪安全预警研究

停机坪是机场的重要组成部分,停机坪安全是机场安全关注的重点。影响停机坪安全作业的要素有很多,通过对这些要素进行监控和预警,可以减少停机坪的安全隐患,保证机场正常运行。根据济南遥墙机场的主要数据,运用因子分析法对影响停机坪安全的主要因素进行分类,提取公共因子。并运用人工神经网络（ANN）方法,对这些公共因子进行神经网络训练和预测分析,最终得到遥墙机场停机坪的安全情况。     

基于非线性变换的加速度计误差标定与补偿CSCD

为提高三轴加速度计测量精度,分析其误差来源和产生机理,建立了误差模型;根据误差模型和重力场幅值不变特性,推导出非线性观测方程。引入两个未知的参数向量,通过数学变换把非线性观测方程变形为关于新未知参数的线性方程;然后采用批量最小二乘法求出新的未知参数,并根据误差模型参数和新未知参数之间的关系,利用逆解析运算求出对应的零点偏差、灵敏度误差和三轴不正交误差。实验结果表明,加速度计正负误差峰值间距可以减小100倍左右,精度可达10-3m/s2,并具有很好的可重复性。该方法算法效率较高,补偿效果显著。     

卷簧式浅层月壤取样器设计及动力学分析

面向浅层月壤取样,文章设计了新颖的卷簧式可伸缩小型月壤取样器,它包括柔性取样臂和振动式取样头。对取样器进行了动力学有限元分析,研究了取样臂为不同长度时取样头的振动模态及频率响应,得出取样臂一阶横振频率与取样臂长度呈负幂函数关系;对取样器测控系统进行了振动试验,通过扫频方式测量取样臂为不同长度时的自振频率,给出了取样臂长...