Life before RNA

The hypothesis that life originated and evolved from linear informational molecules capable of facilitating their own catalytic replication is deeply entrenched. However, widespread acceptance of this paradigm seems oblivious to a lack of direct experimental support. Here, we outline the fundamental objections to the de novo appearance of linear, self-replicating polymers and examine an alternative hypothesis of template-directed coding of peptide catalysts by adsorbed purine bases. The bases (which encode biological information in modern nucleic acids) spontaneously self-organize into two-dimensional molecular solids adsorbed to the uncharged surfaces of crystalline minerals; their molecular arrangement is specified by hydrogen bonding rules between adjacent molecules and can possess the aperiodic complexity to encode putative protobiological information. The persistence of such information through self-reproduction, together with the capacity of adsorbed bases to exhibit enantiomorphism and effect amino acid discrimination, would seem to provide the necessary machinery for a primitive genetic coding mechanism.     

浅说洲际导弹弹头的回收

文章概述了洲陆导弹弹头回收的作用，比较了它与卫星回收的不同特点，介绍了弹头回收减速的几种基本方法和原理。     

用梯度法进行地形跟随／地形回避轨迹优化

利用飞机的横向机动增加地形对其的遮蔽，可提高飞机在低空突也的生存能力。运用动态规划和梯度搜索法，推导出使地形遮最大的最优飞行轨迹的几种算法。动态规划通常需要额外的执行时间和处理器存储空间．而梯度方法用于三维轨迹优化时，收敛性能较差。     

低密度大气中降落伞开伞动载的研究

文章根据建立的降落伞充气过程中轴向和径向动量方程，研究了低密度大气中降落伞的开伞动载。通过计算并与高密度大气中开伞动载的比较，得出了低密度大气中开伞动载的特点。     

美国对侧抛质+降落伞的弹头回收技术研究述评

文章介绍了侧抛质 +降落伞的弹头回收方案及其试验情况 ,分析了该方案的优缺点和应用前景     

Terahertz circular dichroism spectroscopy: a potential approach to the in situ detection of life's metabolic and genetic machinery

We propose a terahertz (far-infrared) circular dichroism-based life-detection technology that may provide a universal and unequivocal spectroscopic signature of living systems regardless of their genesis. We argue that, irrespective of the specifics of their chemistry, all life forms will employ well-structured, chiral, stereochemically pure macromolecules (>500 atoms) as the catalysts with which they perform their metabolic and replicative functions. We also argue that nearly all such macromolecules will absorb strongly at terahertz frequencies and exhibit significant circular dichroism, and that this circular dichroism unambiguously distinguishes biological from abiological materials. Lastly, we describe several approaches to the fabrication of a terahertz circular dichroism spectrometer and provide preliminary experimental indications of their feasibility. Because terahertz circular dichroism signals arise from the molecular machinery necessary to carry out life's metabolic and genetic processes, this life-detection method differs fundamentally from more well-established approaches based on the detection of isotopic fractionation, "signature" carbon compounds, disequilibria, or other by-products of metabolism. Moreover, terahertz circular dichroism spectroscopy detects this machinery in a manner that makes few, if any, assumptions as to its chemical nature or the processes that it performs.     

纳米力学探针的基本原理及其应用实例

介绍了一种新型的材料微区力学性能检测系统NanoIndenterII纳米显微力学探针。纳米显微力学探针是一个压入系统 ,其实验过程全部由计算机控制 ,压头的位移精度可达到 +/ - 0 .0 4nm ,因此可以研究材料的微区力学性能 ,它更适合于分析各种镀膜材料、离子注入材料、表面改性等材料的硬度分布及其弹性模量。它与显微硬度计的最大差别在于它能连续记录载荷 位移数据 ,通过载荷 位移数据计算材料微区的硬度和弹性模量 ,而不需要通过光学方法测定压痕面积 ,因此避免了测量和材料弹性恢复引入的误差。本文阐述了它的实验原理、硬度及弹性模量的计算方法并列举了它在材料科学中的应用