Efficient prediction of ground noise from helicopters and parametric studies based on acoustic mapping

Based on the acoustic mapping, a prediction model for the ground noise radiated from an in-flight helicopter is established. For the enhancement of calculation efficiency, a high-efficiency second-level acoustic radiation model capable of taking the influence of atmosphere absorption on noise into account is first developed by the combination of the point-source idea and the rotor noise radiation characteristics. The comparison between the present model and the direct computation method of noise is done and the high efficiency of the model is validated. Rotor free-wake analysis method and Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings (FW-H) equation are applied to the aerodynamics and noise prediction in the present model. Secondly, a database of noise spheres with the characteristic parameters of advance ratio and tip-path-plane angle is established by the helicopter trim model together with a parametric modeling approach. Furthermore, based on acoustic mapping, a method of rapid simulation for the ground noise radiated from an in-flight helicopter is developed. The noise footprint for AH-1 rotor is then calculated and the influence of some parameters including advance ratio and flight path angle on ground noise is deeply analyzed using the developed model. The results suggest that with the increase of advance ratio and flight path angle, the peak noise levels on the ground first increase and then decrease, in the meantime, the maximum Sound Exposure Level (SEL) noise on the ground shifts toward the advancing side of rotor. Besides, through the analysis of the effects of longitudinal forces on miss-distance and rotor Blade-Vortex Interaction (BVI) noise in descent flight, some meaningful results for reducing the BVI noise on the ground are obtained.     

11.4μm外腔宽调谐量子级联激光器研究

光谱法是目前最主要的痕量气体检测手段之一。外腔量子级联激光器因其宽调谐、窄线宽、中红外波段输出等特点成为痕量检测系统中的重要激光光源。针对有毒有害大气污染物检测需求,采用新型Littrow外腔技术,实现中心波长11.4μm中红外波段827.7cm?1～928.7cm?1(波长10.7μm～12.08μm)宽调谐激光输出,线宽小于1cm?1。该波段的宽调谐激光输出是国内首次报道,解决了三氯乙烯、光气、萘等痕量有毒有害气体同时在线检测的难题。     

铜镉污染对海州香薷种子萌发的影响

以海州香薷种子为试材,研究了铜镉污染对种子萌发的影响。结果表明,在实验所选的胁迫浓度范围内,单一铜污染时,海州香薷种子发芽率随着Cu2+浓度的升高,先升后降,在20mg/L Cu2+处理时出现了毒性兴奋效应现象。铜镉污染对海州香薷幼苗苗长和根长的抑制作用极显著。根据综合效应指标,铜镉复合污染对海州香薷种子萌发的影响表现形式为铜、镉的协同作用。     

卫星编队队形重构中的模型选择

推导了卫星编队进行燃料最优队形重构时,两组Lawden方程（时间域和真近点角域）下所建立目标函数的数学关系,指出在不需要解析解的情况下,动力学模型应选择时间域下的Lawden方程,目标函数应建立在时间域。首先,分别针对脉冲推力和持续推力机动,研究了两组方程下目标函数的差异。然后,以持续推力式重构方法为例,构造了燃料最优目标函数,基于最大值原理,建立了队形重构的两点边值问题。然后,采用边界迭代法求解初始协态变量,确定最优的控制加速度。最后通过数学仿真验证了模型分析的正确性及算法的有效性。
     

飞行器滑模变结构姿态控制器参数优化设计

研究了大气层外飞行器姿态控制器设计。基于误差四元数建立飞行器姿态运动学与动力学方程,用滑模变结构控制方法设计控制器,通过构造Lyapunov函数验证了控制器具全局稳定性和鲁棒性。以控制器参数为优化变量,机动时间为优化指标,飞行器发动机输出力矩为约束条件,用粒子群算法实现对滑模控制器参数的优化设计。仿真结果表明：控制器设计可行且有效,并能对参数进行优化。     

大椭圆星载轨道预报系统设计

分析了大椭圆星载轨道预报对模型精度的要求,对大椭圆轨道动力学模型进行了合理的简化,比较了多个单步数值迭代算法的优劣,选择了适合大椭圆星载轨道预报要求的单步迭代算法,建立了大椭圆星载轨道预报系统.仿真结果验证了该预报系统的可用性与高效性.     

软件的保障性评估

从维修规划、设计接口、训练保障等方面阐述软件保障评估的几个要素,介绍软件评估的5种方法,并从改进软件保障性和提高使用率的目的出发,提出软件评估管理的几项内容.     

旋翼/机身干扰非定常流场数值模拟(英文)

基于非结构动态嵌套网格方法对直升机旋翼/机身干扰非定常流场进行了三维Euler方程数值模拟。嵌套网格系统由包含旋翼的运动区网格和包含机身的静止区网格组成,两区网格均来自于同一套初始的整体非结构网格,人工边界以及初始的插值贡献单元对应关系在网格分区时同时确定。在非定常计算中两区网格始终存在一定的重叠区域,无需重新建立人工边界。高效的贡献单元搜索算法可以根据初始的插值贡献单元对应关系很快更新每一个真实时间步上的贡献单元对应关系。为了准确计入旋翼桨叶的挥舞和变距变形,在运动区网格中引入线性弹簧方法。采用非定常Euler方程和双时间推进方法模拟了美国佐治亚理工学院旋翼/机身干扰实验外形非定常流场,计算结果与实验值以及文献的计算值相吻合。