Numerical study on flow control of ship airwake and rotor airload during helicopter shipboard landing

A numerical study on flow control of ship airwake during shipboard landing is carried out to address the effect of flow control devices on helicopter rotor airload. The in-house Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) based solver Rotorcraft AeroDynamics and Aeroacoustics Solver (RADAS), with combination of momentum source approach is employed to conduct the helicopter shipboard landing simulation. The control effects of three aerodynamic modifications of ship superstructure, i.e. ramp, notch and flap, in different Wind-Over-Deck (WOD) conditions are discussed. From the steady simulation results, the effect of spatial variation of ship airwake on rotor airloads is concluded. The aerodynamic modifications reduce the strength of shedding vortex and increase rotor normal force through delaying and relieving flow separation, and therefore are beneficial to alleviate the limitation of control inputs. By contrast, the perturbation of unsteady ship airwake can cause the serious oscillation of rotor forces during shipboard landing. The unsteady simulations show that the turbulence intensity of ship airwake and oscillatory rotor airloading, represented by Root-Mean-Square (RMS) loading, can be remarkably reduced by the ramp and notch modifications, while the flap modification has adverse effect. It means that flow control devices have large potential benefits to alleviate the pilot’s workload and improve the shipboard landing safety, but they should be well designed to avoid the introduction of more vortex, which leads to increase in disturbance of flow field.     

企业员工绩效考评的困境与对策

绩效考评作为人力资源管理的重要环节,是实现企业目标的关键。目前,企业员工绩效考评的基本框架已经形成,但是科学性仍不够,其实践价值跟理论价值之间还有很大发展空间。文章通过分析思考存在的问题,提出应当设计科学的绩效考评标准,明确考评目的,提高考评的效度和信度,加强考评程序公平制度的建立,形成申诉机制。     

软件FMEA实例研究

软件FMEA(失效模式和影响分析)是硬件或系统FMEA的扩展,并应用于安全关键软件的鉴定,但是,目前缺乏应用经验。本文阐述了SFMEA的原理、实施过程和要点,提出了适用于某嵌入式软件的失效模式及原因,对失效模式的影响进行了严酷度等级分类,给出了对该软件实施SFMEA的过程和结果。结果表明了SFMEA的有效性和实用性。     

高超声速锥体表面凸起物分离干扰区气动力/热关联计算方法

针对高超声速锥体表面凸起物周围的分离干扰流动产生的气动力/热提供了关联计算方法,包括凸起物周围分离干扰区压力分布计算方法、分离干扰区几何特征的计算方法、分离干扰区附加气动力计算方法、分离干扰区气动热计算方法.对典型的钝锥加凸起物外形进行了计算,计算分析了由于凸起物周围分离干扰区压力升高引起的附加气动力、凸起物表面及干扰区的气动热,对气动热计算结果与激波风洞实验结果进行了比较,本文关联方法计算结果与实验结果符合较好.     

分光光度法测定镀铂溶液中的铂

以氯化亚锡作显色荆，用分光光度法测定镀铂溶液中的铂，优选出最佳的测量波长。结果表明，铂的质量浓度介于0-10μg／ml范围内遵守比尔定律，本方法简便快捷，并具有良好的选择性，方法可用于镀铂溶液中的铂含量的测定。     

浅谈形式公正、实质公正与消除信息不对称对于工程监理的重要作用

分析了形式公正、实质公正与消除信息不对称在建设工程监理中的重要作用,对它们三者之间的辩证逻辑关系进行了分析,提出若干政策建议和解决办法.     

安徽省生产性服务业和制造业融合发展研究

产业融合是现代产业发展的必然结果,利用2002-2007年安徽省投入产出表相关数据,结合中间投入率和中间需求率,对安徽省生产性服务业和制造业间的融合度进行测算,探究安徽省产业融合特点和规律,旨在为安徽省产业结构调整和转型升级提供科学依据。研究表明:整体制造业和生产性服务业相互依赖,融合程度在不断加深,生产性服务业的投入主要集中在劳动和资源密集型产业,对技术密集型产业的投入较低,不同生产性服务业对整体制造业的投入结构存在明显差异。     

清代丛书汇辑小学著作论略

清代小学研究发达,丛书收录小学著作的数量非常可观。综合性丛书收录小学著作,自《四库全书》以后,较明代有了较大发展。专科丛书在《说文》学著作和音韵学著作的汇辑上最为突出。此外,由于清代辑佚学的兴盛,辑佚类丛书中收录小学著作的数量也比较多。清代丛书汇集小学著作,对清代以来的语言学及语言学史研究,是重要的文献基础,具有很高的学术价值。     

Efficiency optimized fuel supply strategy of aircraft engine based on air-fuel ratio control

Accurate fuel injection control of aircraft engine can optimize the energy efficiency of UAV power system while meeting the propeller speed requirement. Traditional injection control method such as open-loop calibration causes instability of fuel supply which brings the risk of power loss of UAV. Considering that the closed-loop control of AFR can ensure a stable fuel feeding, this paper proposes an AFR control based fuel supply strategy in order to improve the efficiency of fuel-powered UAV while obtaining the required engine speed. According to the optimum fuel injection results, we implement fuzzy-PID method to control the set AFR in different situations. Through simulation and experiment studies, the results indicate that, to begin with, the calibrated mathematical model of the aircraft engine is effective. Next, this fuel supply strategy based on AFR control can normally realize the engine speed regulation, and the applied control algorithm can eliminate the overshoot of AFR throughout all the working progress. What is more,the fuel supply strategy can averagely shorten the response time of the engine speed by about two seconds. In addition, compared with the open-loop calibration, in this work the power efficiency is improved by 9% to 33%. Last but not the least, the endurance can be improved by 30 min with a normal engine speed. This paper can be a reference for the optimization of UAV aircraft engine.     

舰载倾转旋翼机着舰域耦合流场数值模拟研究

倾转旋翼机是当前旋翼飞行器研究的热点,但有关舰载倾转旋翼机着舰域耦合流场的研究还很少。以两栖攻击舰(LHA)和V-22"鱼鹰"倾转旋翼机为研究对象,基于雷诺平均Navier-Stokes(RANS)方程和SST k-ω湍流模型对舰载倾转旋翼机着舰域耦合流场进行数值模拟研究,并探讨了不同着舰高度时机/舰耦合流场的相互作用。结果表明:倾转旋翼尾流会与舰船脱落涡、甲板舷涡以及舰岛艉涡发生较强的"涡-涡干扰"现象,加大了耦合流场的湍流强度;舰船流场的低频非稳态特征会导致旋翼桨盘气动载荷发生显著的波动,不利于飞行操纵;垂直降落过程中,舰船甲板会形成"前低后高"的压力分布特征,倾转旋翼RMS气动载荷值也会明显增加,降低了着舰安全性,且右旋翼RMS气动载荷值比左旋翼平均大一倍以上,这也表明右旋翼面临着更加严峻的气动环境。