金属增材制造变形与残余应力的研究现状

金属增材制造中的变形及残余应力对于成形过程及零件性能均会产生一定的影响,两者影响因素众多,在增材制造过程中的演化尚未明确揭示。本文综述了国内外关于金属增材制造变形和残余应力的研究现状,提出"约束力"新概念,为金属增材制造变形和残余应力机理的深入研究提供了新的方法。     

基于无刷直流电机的电动车控制器研究与设计

传统的电动车用无刷直流电机(BLDCM)控制器功率逆变电路,为实时检测相电流,通过电阻进行相电流采样并反馈给微控制单元(MCU)进行电流环闭环控制,然而,在功率较大的控制器电路应用中,大电流会导致功率损耗增加。为解决这一问题,以STM32系列微型单片机为核心,设计了一套电动车控制器控制电路。重点阐述BLDCM硬件控制。为改进电源短路保护电路,提出了一种新型的MOS管内阻采样方法,并制作铝基板PCB。测试结果表明:该控制电路测控性能稳定,能够应用于工业生产中。     

Identification of the state-space model and payload mass parameter of a flexible space manipulator using a recursive subspace tracking method

The on-orbit parameter identification of a space structure can be used for the modification of a system dynamics model and controller coefficients. This study focuses on the estimation of a system state-space model for a two-link space manipulator in the procedure of capturing an unknown object, and a recursive tracking approach based on the recursive predictor-based subspace identification (RPBSID) algorithm is proposed to identify the manipulator payload mass parameter. Structural rigid motion and elastic vibration are separated, and the dynamics model of the space manipulator is linearized at an arbitrary working point (i.e., a certain manipulator configuration). The state-space model is determined by using the RPBSID algorithm and matrix transformation. In addition, utilizing the identified system state-space model, the manipulator payload mass parameter is estimated by extracting the corresponding block matrix. In numerical simulations, the presented parameter identification method is implemented and compared with the classical algebraic algorithm and the recursive least squares method for different payload masses and manipulator configurations. Numerical results illustrate that the system state-space model and payload mass parameter of the two-link flexible space manipulator are effectively identified by the recursive subspace tracking method.     

气体燃料气动火焰稳定器混合特性的初步研究

为了克服航空发动机加力燃烧室传统钝体火焰稳定器存在的流阻较大、燃烧效率较低和红外辐射偏大的缺点,设计了一种气体燃料气动火焰稳定器,通过喷射气体燃料射流形成气动屏障来产生回流区从而稳定火焰,并采用数值模拟计算和实验测试的方法研究了气体燃料火焰稳定器的混合特性。数值模拟计算表明气动火焰稳定器掺混速度快,可在回流区内形成余气系数比较均匀的混合物,且回流区内余气系数分布随来流和射流的参数变化基本保持恒定不变,实验结果证实了数值模拟的结果,并表明采用气动火焰稳定器的燃烧效率较高,部分工况可达98%以上,可为加力燃烧室火焰稳定器的研究和设计提供参考和依据。     

针栓式喷注器雾化特性试验

采用高速摄影和马尔文测粒系统对针栓式喷注器雾化特性进行研究,得到了索太尔平均直径（SMD）、粒径分布均匀度指数和雾化锥角随针栓式喷注器结构参数的变化趋势。结果表明:SMD沿喷注轴向均匀不变,沿径向增加;随着气液流量比的增大SMD减小,而粒径分布均匀度指数先降低而后有所回升;粒径分布均匀度指数与狭缝宽度的乘积近似为常值0.35;当气液流量比大于0.206时,由于气动力的作用,雾化边界可分为两段,上面段为收缩段,下面段为等直径段;在针栓式喷注器设计时,狭缝宽度取值越小越好,而液膜半锥角应当考虑SMD和雾化锥角折中选取。      

基于MDO策略的民用航空发动机概念设计研究

以某型民用涡扇航空发动机概念设计为例,集成了总体方案（包括热力循环分析、质量评估、噪声评估、氮氧化物排放评估）、风扇（包括气动设计、强度分析）、低压涡轮（包括气动设计、强度分析）3个子系统,以设计点耗油率、整机质量、飞越状态总声功率级、进近状态总声功率级和燃烧室氮氧化物排放量为优化目标,进行了基于多目标的整机多学科设计优化（MDO）的研究。对比研究了单学科可行(IDF)、协作优化(CO)和不对称子空间优化 (ASO)3种典型的优化策略及其在整机MDO中的应用,探讨了整机 MDO的建模方法、子系统间数据传递及解耦方式。结果表明:3种策略优化效率相当,优化时间最大相差742s;CO策略与ASO策略在整机MDO应用中优化效果较好,综合评价指标分别降低了0.82%和0.86%。      

涡轮复杂气冷叶盘结构变形分析模型简化方法

基于高压转子开展高压(HP)涡轮转子叶片叶尖变形分析可提高叶尖间隙的数值模拟精度,而高压涡轮转子叶片由于其复杂的气冷结构,有限元分析网格数量巨大;叶片和轮盘的榫接结构属于非线性分析,也需要足够的计算机时。针对该问题提出了一种复杂气冷叶片的简化方法和榫接结构接触计算简化方法,在不影响计算精度的前提下提高计算效率。采用该方法对典型结构高压涡轮转子进行了变形分析,与采用复杂气冷叶片模型和接触分析方法的变形分析结果进行比较。结果表明:涡轮叶片叶尖最大径向变形相对误差为0.47%,计算机时减少99%,证明简化方法和计算方法的有效性。      

基于双磁阻传感器的场面移动目标检测算法

针对无线磁阻传感器网络的场面移动目标检测系统,提出了一种基于双磁阻传感器的状态互补融合检测算法。算法综合考虑了目标地磁信号的实际特征,将双传感器获取的地磁信号进行数据融合,以避免由于航空器地磁信号的不连续特征而导致的误检为多个目标。验证结果表明,算法较于改进的自适应阈值算法,大大提高了场面移动目标的检测准确率,且算法简单,运行速度快,可以应用在无线节点的微处理器中检测场面移动目标。     

An improved analytical model of cutting temperature in orthogonal cutting of Ti6Al4V

Cutting heat has significant effects on the machined surface integrity of titanium alloys in the aerospace field. Many unwanted problems such as surface burning, work hardening, and tool wear can be induced by high cutting temperatures. Therefore, it is necessary to accurately predict the cutting temperature of titanium alloys. In this paper, an improved analytical model of the cutting temperature in orthogonal cutting of titanium alloys is proposed based on the Komanduri-Hou model and the Huang-Liang model. The temperatures at points in a cutting tool, chip, and workpiece are calculated by using the moving heat source method. The tool relief angle is introduced into the proposed model, and imaginary mirrored heat sources of the shear plane heat source and the frictional heat source are applied to calculate the temperature rise in a semi-infinite medium. The heat partition ratio along the tool-chip interface is determined by the discretization method. For validation purpose, orthogonal cutting of titanium alloy Ti6Al4V is performed on a lathe by using a sharp tool. Experimental results show to be consistent well with those of the proposed model,yielding a relative difference of predicted temperature from 0.49% to 9.00%. The model demonstrates its ability of predicting cutting temperature in orthogonal cutting of Ti6Al4V.     

Cutting force and specific energy for rotary ultrasonic drilling based on kinematics analysis of vibration effectiveness

Rotary ultrasonic drilling(RUD) has become an effective approach for machining advanced composites which are widely using in the field of aeronautics. The cutting kinematics and the corresponding material removal mechanisms are distinct in different drilling areas during RUD. However, these fundamentals have not been fully considered in the existing studies. In this research, two distinct forms of interaction induced by ultrasonic vibration were considered as impact-separation and vibratory lapp...