Experimental and numerical study of tip injection in a subsonic axial flow compressor

Parametric study of tip injection was implemented experimentally on a subsonic axial flow compressor to understand the underlying flow mechanisms of stability improvement of the compressor with discrete tip injection.Injector throat height varied from 2 to 6 times the height of rotor tip clearance,and circumferential coverage percentage ranged from 8.3％ to 25％ of the annulus.Static pressure fluctuations over the rotor tip were measured with fast-response pressure transducers.Whole-passage time-accurate simulations were also carried out to help us understand the flow details.The combinations of tip injection with traditional casing treatments were experi mentally studied to generate an engineering-acceptable method of compressor stall control.The results indicate that the maximum stability improvement is achieved when injectors are choked despite their different sizes.The effect of circumferential coverage percentage on compressor stabil ity depends on the value of injector throat height for un-choked injectors,and vice versa.Tip blockage in the blade passage is greatly reduced by the choked injectors,which is the primary reason for stability enhancement.The accomplishment of blockage diminishment is maintained in the circumferential direction with the unsteady effect of tip injection,which manifests as a hysteresis between the recovery of tip blockage and the recovery of tip leakage vortex.The unsteady effect is primarily responsible for the effectiveness of tip injection with a partial circumferential coverage.Tip injection cannot enhance the stability of the rotor with axial slots significantly,but it can improve the stabil ity of the rotor with circumferential grooves further.The combined structure of tip injection with circumferential grooves is an alternative for engineering application.     

一种太赫兹可重构超表面设计方法

太赫兹是第六代无线通信系统的核心技术之一,而可重构超表面技术作为太赫兹感通一体的难点问题,对其进行研究具有重大的意义和价值。本文提出了一种基于肖特基二极管的1 bit相位可重构超表面,通过控制肖特基二极管的偏置电压可以控制超表面单元在‘0’和‘1’两种工作状态间切换,可重构超表面单元在203GHz～230GHz的频段内实现了在‘0’,‘1’两种状态下反射幅度均大于-1dB,反射相位有180°±20°的变化,基于对单元进行组阵仿真试验,通过合理的设计阵面上单元的工作状态,可以实现波束扫描功能。本文所提出的方法为太赫兹可重构超表面的研究提供了一种新思路,在未来6G太赫兹通信等领域有重要的应用价值。     

多模式超高斯馈源的设计与分析

针对各类探测器高性能馈源喇叭的需求,对多模式超高斯馈源的理论进行研究,特别是对低旁瓣进行分析。采用波纹喇叭及多节喇叭技术对馈源进行设计,并用全波分析法进行仿真验证。讨论利用级联矩阵理论对多节结构进行优化分析的基本流程。基于仿真结果,综合比较了基于这2种设计技术的馈源喇叭性能的优劣。结果表明:多节结构相对传统的波纹喇叭具有结构简单、旁瓣电平无明显恶化的优势;其劣势在于由于引入多模结构,带宽仍有待提高。采用级联矩阵的优化方法可将结构与模式理论结合,是一种物理概念更加清晰的方法。该研究对于高性能超高斯喇叭的设计和加工有一定的参考价值。     

太阳跟踪定位技术及其应用研究

太阳跟踪定位技术广泛应用于能源、气象和航天等领域,系统全面地对相关方法进行分类和阐述,并对多孔复用、太阳光纤导入等较新应用进行了分析,最后总结了该领域内相关技术发展的瓶颈问题,展望了未来的研究方向.     

Characteristics and mechanisms of turboshaft engine axial compressor casing containment

To investigate the containment characteristics and mechanisms of axial compressor blade and casing in turboshaft engine, experimental and simulation research is conducted on Titanium alloy axial compressor blades and stainless steel simulator casings in this paper. Experiments for four thicknesses (from 0.8 mm to 1.4 mm) of casings are presented on high-speed spin tester. Perforation, ricochet with and without failure of the casings are obtained in test results. Three obvious bulges or dishing region are observed, petaling failure occurs in the first bulge or the third deformation region. Parabolic and elongated dimples are observed at the fracture surface. Finite Element (FE) models with calibrated Johnson-Cook material behavior law are built and analyzed by using explicit dynamic software for a better understanding on the containment behavior. Good agreement is obtained between the experimental observations and numerical predictions. The evolution of the impact force, energy absorption, temperature increase and the cracks’ propagation are analyzed. Three force peaks occur in the impact process. Energy analysis reveals that penetration condition of ricochet with failure leads to most internal energy of the casing.     

对俄出口GVU-600空间环境模拟器研制

GVU-600空间环境模拟器是我国首次为俄罗斯研制的一台航天专用设备,它可以模拟真空、冷黑和太阳辐射3项空间基本参数,主要用于进行卫星热平衡、热真空试验。该设备为卧式圆柱结构,容器内径8 m,总长13.5 m,容积600 m3,极限真空1.4×10-5 Pa,热沉温度-190 ℃。文章主要对该设备的技术指标、系统组成及功能进行了介绍,并给出了研制结果。     

直升机发动机舱通风、遮挡和隔热对红外辐射特性的影响

为了降低直升机发动机舱蒙皮的温度,减弱直升机红外辐射能量,采用数值仿真的方法研究其处于悬停状态、考虑了旋翼下洗作用的发动机舱蒙皮温度场和直升机红外辐射特性.针对基准发动机舱结构提出了在舱内加设辐射遮挡套、增开通风百叶窗、排气管尾缘修型和蒙皮内侧敷设隔热层等改进方案,研究了上述改进方案对直升机发动机舱蒙皮温度场和红外辐射特性的影响,得到了如下结论:①在发动机舱内加设辐射遮挡套后,整机侧向探测方位角内3~5μm红外辐射强度出现了约25%的增幅,8~14μm波段红外辐射与原始结构相当.②在发动机舱顶部增开通风百叶窗,直升机3~5μm红外辐射低于原始结构约12%,8~14μm波段红外辐射与原始结构相当.③在发动机舱顶部增开通风百叶窗的基础上,对排气管尾缘采取延伸遮挡以及在发动机舱蒙皮内侧敷设隔热层,整机3~5μm波段红外辐射的最大值下降约70%,8~14μm波段红外辐射的最大值下降约10%.      

旋翼下洗和排气方向对直升机红外特征的影响

采用数值模拟方法,对旋翼下洗作用下的热喷流流动特征进行了研究,分析了旋翼下洗速度和排气喷口方向等因素对直升机红外辐射特征的影响.结果表明:热喷流在不同的排气方向下受到旋翼下洗的影响存在较大的差异,当喷口向上排气时,热喷流在旋翼下洗作用下的偏转能够形成对后机身表面的撞击,致使后机身温度升高;喷口向上排气旋翼下洗速度为10m/s时的固体红外辐射强于无旋翼下洗情形,对于喷口斜向上45°排气和侧向排气,随着旋翼下洗速度的增加,红外辐射强度均呈现逐渐降低的趋势;喷口排气方向对直升机红外辐射强度空间分布的影响十分显著,喷口斜向上排气时在顶向和侧向的红外辐射强度基本相当,而喷口向上或侧向排气,在某些探测方位存在局部很高的红外辐射强度.      

小流量多级高负荷轴流压气机设计

以增压比为6的国外某小流量5级轴流压气机为设计原型,在不超过其前3级的轴向长度的条件下,设计了3级轴流压气机,研究其最大增压能力.在采用了正预旋、静子端弯、第2、3级转子叶尖适度斜流等措施后,3级轴流的设计点流量为5.80kg/s,增压比为5.445,效率为0.8272,喘振裕度为11.8%,3级平均级增压比为1.759.研究结果表明:在一定的轴向长度限制下,小流量3级轴流压气机虽可以达到5.5量级的增压比,但其流量特性曲线已经变得很陡峭.      

预燃/流向涡掺混超声速燃烧室的稳焰火炬实验研究

 为研究飞行马赫数Ma_flight=4~7的双燃室碳氢燃料超燃冲压发动机燃烧室的原理和工程参数,进行了直连双燃室超声速冷主流和亚燃室稳焰火炬热流的掺混实验和燃烧实验。将进气道输出的超声速气流的10%流量经亚燃进气道导入亚声速预燃室,先低速地与雾化预燃油掺混并建立稳定的预燃。该预燃气流与二次喷入的主燃油掺混而形成富含吸热分解油气的高温射流,再经一组波瓣掺混器与超声速主流在下游流向涡中深入掺混/燃烧,扩大燃区厚度而趋于深入超声流层,以期实现稳定超燃。在总温约为285 K、总压为1.5×10⁶ Pa和1.0×1.0⁶ Pa,燃烧室进口马赫数Ma_inlet=2.5的来流下,对3种不同结构参数的预燃室和一种超燃室,进行了冷态流场和预燃/主燃的喷油/燃烧实验。实验与计算结果表明,冷/热态实验中整个超燃室保持了超声速流动,尽管斜激波系存在一些变化。利用存在的4种旋涡掺混现象,增强超/亚声速流之间的掺混。当采用三波系进气道和较小容积热强度的大体积预燃室和流向涡掺混器,可以形成稳定的高温富油火炬,成为超燃室稳定点火源。在超燃室下层流层的原无预热冷态来流的亚声速和低超声速区域中出现火焰,且其并不破坏超燃室上层的高超声速未燃流动。