美国NASA天基测控网的按需接入系统

NASA天基网按需接入系统(DAS)可为航天操作提供一种新的开创性的服务；这种业务通过跟踪与数据中继卫星系统(TDRSS)构成连续和自动化的通信链路。2002年10月投入运行的DAS扩展了TDRSS多址返向(航天器至地面)容量。该系统利用地基商业成品(COTS)设备，例如第三代多址波束形成分系(TGBFS)和可编程遥测处理器(PTP)，并利用包括TCP／IP及基于web的接口在内的联网标准。     

GalileoSat计划中的地面部分结构和运作初步方案

GalileoSat是欧洲空间局 (ESA)Galileo计划的补充计划 ,一项为设计、开发、验证和操作现代化、独立的全球导航卫星系统而设立的欧洲新研究课题。其内容涉及Galileo空间和有关地面部分的设计、开发和在轨验证。系统运作方案负责系统的各个阶段 ,从发射与初轨阶段、卫星和载荷的移交、在轨验证阶段、星座部署、应用、星座维护 ,直到最终报废处置。1　任务概况Galileo将为全球用户提供卫星导航信号和精确时间 ,初期还向欧洲共同体地区提供完好性信息。该导航系统还将实施有商业价值的业务 (创收业务 )。该系统将由民间单位控制 ,采取开放式…     

NASA的先进地面站结构

本文描述了用于NASA地面网(GN)的一种新型地面站结构。试结构充分利用正在出现的各种新技术，显著地减小了体积、操作复杂性、操作和维护费用。此结构以空间通信先进系统计划办公室负责研制的新接收机为基础，可以在同一电子系统中综合进地面网和天基网的两种工作模式。通过软件以及电耦合器件（CCD）技术，使其具有极强的重组配能力，具备多种工作模式。而且，功能高度模块化，可根据任务任意选用，最终的系统包括先进的射频、数字和远控技术，能为大量NASA的通信和跟踪任务带来巨大的性能改善和操作及成本的降低。     

转发式GPS外测系统的接收站设备

在高级拦截器技术计划中利用GPS卫星导航系统来精确测定两种飞行器的弹道。在每个飞行器上安装一个弹道导弹GPS转发器(BMT)咸一个GPS遥测发射机(GTT)。接收站布在现有遥测站上,安装了所需的专门设备,负责接收、记录和处理来BMT和GTT的信号。     

Main medical results of extended flights on space station Mir in 1986-1990

During 1986-1990 seven prime spacecrews (16 cosmonauts) have flown on-board the Mir orbital complex. The longest space mission duration was 366 days The principal objectives of the medical tasks were the maintenance of good health and performance of the spacecrews and conducting medical research programs which included study of the cardiovascular, motor, endocrine, blood, immune, and metabolic systems. Results obtained point to the ability of humans to readily adapt to a year-long stay in space and maintain good health and performance. Readaptation had a similar course as after other previous long-term space flights of up to 8 months in duration. Primary body system changes were not qualitatively different from findings after flights aboard the Salyut 6 and 7 space stations. In this case, during and after an 11-12 month flight, body system alterations were even less severe which was a result of adequate countermeasure use, their systematic and creative employment and maintenance of required environments to support life and work in space.     

Defining life

Any definition is intricately connected to a theory that gives it meaning. Accordingly, this article discusses various definitions of life held in the astrobiology community by considering their connected "theories of life." These include certain "list" definitions and a popular definition that holds that life is a "self-sustaining chemical system capable of Darwinian evolution." We then act as "anthropologists," studying what scientists do to determine which definition-theories of life they constructively hold as they design missions to seek non-terran life. We also look at how constructive beliefs about biosignatures change as observational data accumulate. And we consider how a definition centered on Darwinian evolution might itself be forced to change as supra-Darwinian species emerge, including in our descendents, and consider the chances of our encountering supra-Darwinian species in our exploration of the Cosmos. Last, we ask what chemical structures might support Darwinian evolution universally; these structures might be universal biosignatures.     

SATRACK/GPS三叉戟导弹跟踪系统的性能

SATRACK是一种专用系统,它是专门为美国海军战略系统计划局(SSPO)研制的,用作三叉戟精度提高计划的靶场测量设备。 SATRACK已经建成,它能为三叉戟Ⅰ型导弹飞行试验服务,给出精密的事后弹道。在被试导弹上接收全球定位系统(GPS)的信号,将其频率变换到遥测下行频率,在数据收集站进行宽波段记录,供事后重放和处理之用。从1978年中开始,最后几发三叉戟Ⅰ型研制弹从卡纳维拉尔角发射,对该系统进行了试验。从1979年起,又利用几发汘艇发射的导弹进行了试验。本文先介绍提出本系统的背景以及系统本身的情况,接着介绍本系统试测头七发导弹弹道的性能。