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731.
J.-P. Delaboudiniere R.A. Stern A. Maucherat F. Portier-Fozzani W.M. Neupert J.B. Gurman R.C. Catura J.R. Lemen L. Shing G.E. Artzner J. Brunaud A.H. Gabriel D.J. Michels J.D. Moses B. Au K.P. Dere R.A. Howard R. Kreplin J.M. Defise C. Jamar P. Rochus J.P. Chauvineau J.P. Marioge F. Clette P. Cugnon E.L. Van Dessel 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》1997,20(12):2231-2237
The SOHO (SOlar and Heliospheric Observatory) satellite was launched on December 2nd 1995. After arriving at the Earth-Sun (L1) Lagrangian point on February 14th 1996, it began to continuously observe the Sun. As one of the instruments onboard SOHO, the EIT (Extreme ultraviolet Imaging Telescope) images the Sun's corona in 4 EUV wavelengths. The He II filter at 304 Å images the chromosphere and the base of the transition region at a temperature of 5 − 8 × 104 K; the Fe IX–X filter at 171 Å images the corona at a temperature of 1.3 × 106 K; the Fe XII filter at 195 Å images the quiet corona outside coronal holes at a temperature of 1.6 × 106 K; and the Fe XV filter at 284 Å images active regions with a temperature of 2.0 × 106 K. About 5000 images have been obtained up to the present. In this paper, we describe also some aspects of the telescope and the detector performance for application in the observations. Images and movies of all the wavelengths allow a look at different phenomena present in the Sun's corona, and in particular, magnetic field reconnection. 相似文献
732.
A.C. Levasseur-Regourd 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》1996,17(12):117-122
In-situ space observations of dust in the solar system are seldom possible. On the opposite, remote observations of solar light scattered by dust are relatively easy to perform from Earth- or satellite-based observatories; the evolution of the polarization of light scattered by dust particles as a function of the phase angle may provide information on the physical properties of these particles. Unfortunately, since remote observations are integrated along the line-of-sight of the observer, they can hardly be used to determine local physical properties. We have precisely developed Optical Probe techniques to forge the link between the numerous remote observations and the unique in-situ measurements. A short review of the remote observations of light scattered by cometary dust is first presented. Then, the Optical Probe concept is analyzed. Finally, the OPE instrument, which had been designed to optically probe the inner coma of comet Halley is described; its limitations and its achievements during Halley and Grigg-Skjellerup encounters are discussed. 相似文献
733.
Editorial comment 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
734.
M A Schneegurt B Arieli S S Nielsen P R Trumbo L A Sherman 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》1996,18(4-5):177-180
Controlled ecological life support systems (CELSS) have been proposed to make long-duration manned space flights more cost-effective. Higher plants will presumably provide food and a breathable atmosphere for the crew. It has been suggested that imbalances between the CO2/O2 gas exchange ratios of the heterotrophic and autotrophic components of the system will inevitably lead to an unstable system, and the loss of O2 from the atmosphere. Ratio imbalances may be corrected by including a second autotroph with an appropriate CO2/O2 gas exchange ratio. Cyanothece sp. ATCC 51142 is a large unicellular N2-fixing cyanobacterium, exhibiting high growth rates under diverse physiological conditions. A rat-feeding study showed the biomass to be edible. Furthermore, it may have a CO2/O2 gas exchange ratio that theoretically can compensate for ratio imbalances. It is suggested that Cyanothece spp. could fulfill several roles in a CELSS: supplementing atmosphere recycling, generating fixed N from the air, providing a balanced protein supplement, and protecting a CELSS in case of catastrophic crop failure. 相似文献
735.
Yu. I. Yermolaev A. A. Petrukovich L. M. Zelenyi 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2002,30(12):2695-2700
We use ion distribution measurements with CORALL instrument on-board the INTERBALL/Tail spacecraft to study plasma flows in the mid-tail (−9> X> −27 RE) plasma sheet. Three velocity components computed every 2 minutes exhibit two types of velocity variations: Earthward bursty bulk flows (BBFs) and random flow fluctuations. Their properties are in a good agreement with the observations of the ISEE-2 spacecraft (Borovsky et al., 1997). The INTERBALL/Tail spacecraft configuration favors measurements of Vz component, in contrast to previous experiments in which only Vx and Vy were measured reliably. In the outer part of the plasma sheet Vy and Vz fluctuations were close to each other (variances σ(Vy) and σ(Vz) were about 160 and 110 km/s, respectively), but in the inner part at the dusk flank amplitude of Vy fluctuations increased and was 2 times higher than that of Vz component. This asymmetry of fluctuations should be taken into account during modern theoretical analysis and simulations. 相似文献
736.
P.S. Babcock D.M. Auslander R.C. Spear 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》1984,4(12):263-270
Reliability of closed life support systems will depend on their ability to continue supplying the crew's needs in the face of perturbations and equipment failures. These dynamic considerations interact with the basic static (equilibrium) design through the sizing of storages, the specification of excess capacities in processors, and the choice of system initial state (total mass in the system). This paper uses a very simple system flow model to examine the possibilities for system failures even when there is sufficient storage to buffer the immediate effects of the perturbation. Two control schemes are shown which have different dynamic consequences in response to component failures. 相似文献
737.
F.H. Schubert R.A. Wynveen P.D. Quattrone 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》1984,4(12):279-288
Extended manned space missions will require regenerative life support techniques. Past U.S. manned missions used nonregenerative expendables, except for a molecular sieve-based carbon dioxide removal system aboard Skylab. The resupply penalties associated with expendables becomes prohibitive as crew size and mission duration increase. The U.S. Space Station, scheduled to be operational in the 1990's, is based on a crew of four to sixteen and a resupply period of 90 days or greater. It will be the first major spacecraft to employ regenerable techniques for life support. The paper uses the requirements for the Space Station to address these techniques. 相似文献
738.
David J. Helfand 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》1984,3(10-12)
“With all reserve, we advance the view that a supernova represents the transition of an ordinary star into a neutron star.”This conclusion, reached just 50 years ago in a classic paper by Walter Baade and Fritz Zwicky (1934), was published three decades before the first direct observational evidence for the existence of neutron stars was uncovered. It still informs the standard picture of neutron star production in the Galaxy. We examine herein some recent evidence bearing on this question which has been derived from
Observatory X-ray observations of supernova remnants and radio pulsars. In particular, the discovery that X-ray synchrotron nebulae are found surrounding most young ( 106 yr) pulsars observed to date is discussed. We explore the implications of the lack of such nebulae in the majority of supernova remnants (SNR) for the properties and frequency of neutron star formation in supernova events. 相似文献
739.
R. Giacconi 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》1984,3(10-12)
The status of institutional arrangements and of the hardware development for Space Telescope are highlighted. After a brief summary of instrument characteristics, some examples are given on the possible use of the ST to study objects of interest to cosmology. 相似文献
740.
A.H. Brown 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》1984,4(12):299-303
Growth process generate plant form and relate to most physiological functions. The Earth's gravity force affects plant growth in both obvious and subtle ways. It is a major environmental influence on morphology and physiology of plants. Gravity is less important as an agent for plant stress than as an environmental signal to guide growth. The plant's bioaccelerometers are remarkably sensitive, especially in hypogravity. Simulation (clinostat) studies and experiments in satellite laboratories are needed to understand the sensing, transduction, and response characteristics of g related mechanisms. By examining how plants alter growth processes to accomplish developmental or physiological “objectives” we may find it pragmatically desirable to ask ourselves how we might design a plant to achieve such responses to environmental influences. Examples of this design engineering approach for gravity related effects are described as an aid to experimentation. 相似文献