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921.
Malini Aggarwal H.P. Joshi K.N. Iyer Y.S. Kwak 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2013
In this paper, response of low latitude ionosphere to a moderate geomagnetic storm of 7–8 May 2005 (SSC: 1920 UT on 7 May with Sym-H minimum, ∼−112 nT around 1600 UT on 8 May) has been investigated using the GPS measurements from a near EIA crest region, Rajkot (Geog. 22.29°N, 70.74°E, Geomag.14°), India. We found a decrease in total electron content (TEC) in 12 h after the onset of the storm, an increase during and after 6 h of Sym-H deep minimum with a decrease below its usual-day level on the second day during the recovery phase of the storm. On 8 May, an increase of TEC is observed after sunset and during post-midnight hours (maximum up to 170%) with the formation of ionospheric plasma bubbles followed by a nearly simultaneous onset of scintillations at L-band frequencies following the time of rapid decrease in Sym-H index (−30 nT/h around 1300 UT). 相似文献
922.
A mission template for exploration and damage mitigation of potential hazard of Near Earth Asteroids
D. C. Hyland H. A. Altwaijry R. Margulieux J. Doyle J. Sandberg B. Young N. Satak J. Lopez S. Ge X. Bai 《Cosmic Research》2010,48(5):437-442
The Apophis Exploratory and Mitigation Platform (AEMP) concept was developed as a prototype mission to explore and potentially
deflect the Near Earth Asteroid (NEA) 99942 Apophis. Deflection of the asteroid from the potential 2036 impact will be achieved
using a gravity tractor technique, while a permanent deflection, eliminating future threats, will be imparted using a novel
albedo manipulation technique. This mission will serve as an archetypal template for future missions to small NEAs and could
be adapted to mitigate the threat of collision with other potential Earth-crossing objects. 相似文献
923.
Approaches in the determination of plant nutrient uptake and distribution in space flight conditions. 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
A G Heyenga A Forsman L S Stodieck A Hoehn M Kliss 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2000,26(2):299-302
The effective growth and development of vascular plants rely on the adequate availability of water and nutrients. Inefficiency in either the initial absorption, transportation, or distribution of these elements are factors which impinge on plant structure and metabolic integrity. The potential effect of space flight and microgravity conditions on the efficiency of these processes is unclear. Limitations in the available quantity of space-grown plant material and the sensitivity of routine analytical techniques have made an evaluation of these processes impractical. However, the recent introduction of new plant cultivating methodologies supporting the application of radionuclide elements and subsequent autoradiography techniques provides a highly sensitive investigative approach amenable to space flight studies. Experiments involving the use of gel based 'nutrient packs' and the radionuclides calcium-45 and iron-59 were conducted on the Shuttle mission STS-94. Uptake rates of the radionuclides between ground and flight plant material appeared comparable. 相似文献
924.
925.
This article presents an innovative time-domain nonlinear mapping-based identification method. The method reported is applied to identify the unknown parameters of multivariable dynamic systems which are mapped by nonlinear differential equations. A systematic identification method is introduced, and a novel algorithm is developed using nonlinear error maps. An analysis of parameter convergence is provided and the regions of convergence can be found using the second method of Lyapunov. Innovative nonquadratic Lyapunov functions are designed and used. Analytical and numerical studies are performed to illustrate and validate the identification concept. The unsteady flight of a high-alpha aircraft in the longitudinal axis is chosen as a nonlinear case study. The unknown parameters are identified. Simulation results show that the model dynamics match the experimental data. The reported example demonstrates that the time-domain nonlinear mapping-based identification method ensures robustness and reduces major shortcomings in stability, convergence, and computational efficiency compared with other algorithms available 相似文献
926.
A five-phase Power Management and Distribution System for a More-Electric Aircraft (MADMEL) program was awarded by the Air Force to Northrop/Grumman Military Aircraft Division in September 1991. The objective of the program is to design, develop, and demonstrate an advanced electrical power generation and distribution system for a More-Electric Aircraft (MEA). The MEA emphasizes the use of electrical power in place of hydraulics, pneumatic, and mechanical power to optimize the performance and life cycle cost of the aircraft. This paper presents an overview of the MADMEL program and a top-level summary of the program results, development and test of major components to date. In Phase I and Phase II studies, the electrical load requirements were established and the electrical power system architecture was defined for both near-term (NT-year 1996) and far-term (FT-year 2003) MEA application. The detailed design and specification for the Electrical Power System (EPS), its interface with the Vehicle Management System, and the test set-up were developed under Phase III. Phase IV, fabrication and testing of the subsystem level hardware, has been completed. Overall system level integration and testing, Phase V, is scheduled to be completed by September 1999 相似文献
927.
How do people describe the location of a target object to another? This task requires a reference object or frame and terms of reference. Traditional linguistic analyses have loosely organized perspectives around people, objects, or environments as reference objects, using reference terms based on a viewpoint or the intrinsic sides of an object, such as left, right, front, and back or based on the environment, such as north, south, east, and west. In actual communication, social, spatial, and cognitive factors may also affect perspective choice. We examine those factors by varying the spatial information (landmarks and cardinal directions), the communication task (relative cognitive burden to speakers and addressees), and the culture of participants (American and Japanese). Speakers used addressees' perspectives more when addressees had the greater cognitive burden. They also used landmarks and cardinal directions when they were available, especially to avoid difficult discriminations like left/right. Some cases appearing to be perspective taking can be interpreted as using a person as a landmark. Finally, terms like near indicating close proximity were preferred to far and to terms requiring projection of directions. Globally, perspective choices of American and Japanese samples were strikingly similar; that is, Japanese did not select addressees' perspectives more than Americans. The traditional linguistic analyses need to be enhanced to account for effects of cognitive, situational, and social factors. 相似文献
928.
It is well established that the prolonged and thorough mixing of numerous nucleosynthetic components that constitutes the
matter in the solar nebula resulted in an essential isotopic homogeneity of the solar system material. This may or may not
be true for the short-lived radionuclides which were injected into or formed within the solar nebula just prior to or during
solar system formation. Distinguishing between their heterogeneous or homogeneous distribution is important because the short-
lived radionuclides are now widely used for the relative chronology of various objects and processes in the early solar system
and as constraints for models of nucleosynthesis. The recent studies of the 53Mn-53Cr isotope system (half life of 53Mn is 3.7 Ma) in various solar system objects have shown that the relative abundance of radiogenic 53Cr is consistent with essentially homogeneous distribution of 53Mn in the asteroid belt. Thus, the relative 53Mn-53Cr chronometer can be directly used for dating samples which originated in the asteroid belt. Importantly, however, all meteorite
groups studied so far indicate a clear excess of 53Cr as compared to Earth and to a lunar sample, which exhibits also a terrestrial 53Cr/52Cr ratio. The results from the Martian (SNC) meteorites show that their 53Cr excesses are less than half of those found in the asteroid belt bodies. Thus, the characteristic 53Cr/52Cr ratio of Mars is intermediate between that of the Earth-Moon system and those of the other meteorites. If these 53Cr variations are viewed as a function of the heliocentric distance, the radial dependence of the relative abundances of radiogenic
53Cr is indicated. This observed gradient can be explained by either an early, volatility controlled, Mn/Cr fractionation within
the nebula or by an initial radial heterogeneous distribution of 53Mn. Although model calculations of the Mn/Cr ratios in the bulk terrestrial planets seem to be inconsistent with the volatility
driven scenario, the precision of these calculations is inadequate for eliminating this possibility. In contrast, recent studies
of the 53Mn-53Cr system in the enstatite chondrites indicate that, while their bulk Mn/Cr ratios are essentially the same as in ordinary
chondrites, the 53Cr excess in bulk enstatite chondrites is three times lower than that in the bulk ordinary chondrites. This difference cannot
be explained by a Mn/Cr fractionation and, thus, strongly suggests that a radial heterogeneous distribution of 53Mn must have existed in at least the early inner solar system. Using the observed gradient and the 53Cr/52Cr ratio of the bulk enstatite chondrites, their parent body(ies) formed at ∼1.4 AU or somewhat closer to the Sun.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
929.
Metallic Power has demonstrated a regenerative zinc air fuel cell for applications in industrial and specialty vehicles. The fuel cell uses zinc pellets and atmospheric oxygen to generate electric current; the reaction product is zinc oxide, which is collected in a tank. In its present stage of development the 36 V fuel cell will deliver approximately 6 kWh, with a maximum power of 4 kW. The device is refueled at a zinc recycling/refueling station where zinc pellets are pumped into each cell; ZnO is pumped from the tank and replaced with KOH electrolyte. The recycling/refueling unit uses an electrolytic process to convert zinc oxide powder into zinc pellets 相似文献
930.
Jui Tsun Hung Robertazzi T.G. 《IEEE transactions on aerospace and electronic systems》2004,40(3):968-982
Recursive analytical expressions for speedup and solution time for a multilevel tree sequentially processing a divisible load under cut through switching are developed. Such cut through switching is shown to be more efficient than store and forward switching. Aerospace applications include sensor networks, radar, and satellite imagery processing. 相似文献