高速风洞试验中运输机支撑形式的选择

合理选择模型的支撑形式和解决支架干扰问题是准确获取气动力数据的关键因素。为了寻找一种合适的运输类飞机在高速风洞试验中的支撑形式,首先通过计算分析和试验验证,给出了运输类飞机高速风洞试验中30°尾支撑支架干扰问题存在的原因,然后根据0°、5°、15°以及30°不同尾支撑形式的计算分析和专项试验论证结果,提出并验证了小角度尾支撑是现阶段运输类飞机高速风洞试验中最合理、最有效的支撑形式。     

支线客机和涡扇发动机的总体参数统计分析

为设计某大型支线客机总体方案,在自行设计支线客机总体参数数据库的基础上,应用统计方法对支线客机总体参数和涡扇发动机总体参数进行分析,获得了一些有用的统计关系式,包括使用空重和最大起飞重量、后掠角与展弦比、进近速度与着陆场长等飞机总体参数之间的统计关系式和起飞推力与发动机风扇直径、起飞推力与发动机净重、起飞推力与短舱长度等涡扇发动机参数之间的统计关系式。这些统计结果为大型客机方案设计提供了一定的参考。     

气膜孔孔形对涡轮冷却流场影响的数值研究

基于有限体积法对三维定常N-S方程进行离散,采用k-ε两方程湍流模型,数值研究了气膜孔几何形状对涡轮叶片气膜冷却效果的影响,得到了气膜孔附近的流场分布。所选孔形为圆柱孔和后倾扇形孔。结果表明后倾扇形孔减小射流动量比,减弱射流穿透主流的能力,并产生了一定的展向速度,可使射流冷气能够较好地贴附在壁面上起到保护作用。具有后倾扇形孔的涡轮叶栅沿叶高方向和流线方向体现出了比圆柱形冷却孔更好的冷却效果。     

民用飞机气动工程估算软件设计与开发

工程估算是飞机概念设计阶段常用的气动力计算方法,其计算效率高,并且满足飞机概念设计的精度要求。工程估算过程涉及大量的图表查阅与数据插值,传统的手动计算存在工作量与人为误差较大的缺点。针对上述问题,在已有工程估算方法的基础上,搭建了气动工程估算数据库,提出了软件的系统架构与组成,设计并开发了基于民用飞机的气动估算软件。软件具有良好图形用户界面,提供了多种输入方式与自动多维插值算法,与手动计算相比,减少了计算工作量,提高了计算效率和精度。以某大型民用飞机为对象,利用软件进行气动工程估算,并与算例的计算流体力学法(CFD)结果进行比较。结果表明:二者结果基本相符,而且计算成本远低于CFD方法。这体现了软件在民机概念设计阶段具有较高的工程实用性。     

The Modulation of Galactic Cosmic Rays in the Heliosphere: Theory and Models

Almost all theoretical and numerical models for the modulation of cosmic ray in the heliosphere are based on Parker's transport equation which contains all the important basic physical processes. The relative importance of the various mechanisms is however not established and may vary significantly over 22 years. The simultaneous measurements of solar wind parameters, heliospheric magnetic field properties and cosmic rays over a wide range of energies and positions in the heliosphere have brought the realization that modulation is much more complicated than what the original drift models predicted. In the process the sophistication of models based on solving Parker's equation has increased by orders of magnitude. A short review of the global modulation of cosmic rays is given from a theoretical and modelling point of view.     

非定常尾迹输运对动叶气膜冷却流场影响

对不同尾迹宽度下涡轮动叶的气膜冷却流场进行非定常数值研究,研究了尾迹输运对动叶气膜冷却流场的影响机理.计算结果表明:非定常尾迹的总压损失和速度损失而形成低速区,当非定常尾迹输运到冷却孔附近时,尾迹对气膜层的干扰占主导地位,靠近气膜孔的叶片区域冷却效率降低明显.非定常尾迹的影响使得冷却气流被带到压力面叶片下游更广阔的区域,导致气膜冷却沿叶展方向的覆盖范围更广,从而使得压力面气膜冷却效率在尾迹通过时更高一些.当尾迹宽度增大时,对气膜冷却效率的影响程度增大.尾迹对压力面的影响比吸力面更大一些.      

离心压气机级串列叶栅扩压器内流场的数值研究

对某一带串列叶栅扩压器的离心压气机级进行了数值模拟,分析了串列叶栅扩压器后排叶片不同周向位置对压气机级流动及性能的影响.结果表明:串列叶栅扩压器性能优于单列叶栅扩压器,其后排叶片在不同周向位置处效率和压比均优于单列叶栅扩压器,效率提高幅度能达到1.9%,压比的提高幅度为2.85%.串列扩压器分流叶片的周向位置对其内部流动情况有显著影响,两排叶片之间存在一个最佳位置使扩压器损失最小.串列叶栅扩压器的主要损失集中在50%叶高以上的区域.      

Solar Wind Electron Proton Alpha Monitor (SWEPAM) for the Advanced Composition Explorer

The Solar Wind Electron Proton Alpha Monitor (SWEPAM) experiment provides the bulk solar wind observations for the Advanced Composition Explorer (ACE). These observations provide the context for elemental and isotopic composition measurements made on ACE as well as allowing the direct examination of numerous solar wind phenomena such as coronal mass ejections, interplanetary shocks, and solar wind fine structure, with advanced, 3-D plasma instrumentation. They also provide an ideal data set for both heliospheric and magnetospheric multi-spacecraft studies where they can be used in conjunction with other, simultaneous observations from spacecraft such as Ulysses. The SWEPAM observations are made simultaneously with independent electron and ion instruments. In order to save costs for the ACE project, we recycled the flight spares from the joint NASA/ESA Ulysses mission. Both instruments have undergone selective refurbishment as well as modernization and modifications required to meet the ACE mission and spacecraft accommodation requirements. Both incorporate electrostatic analyzers whose fan-shaped fields of view sweep out all pertinent look directions as the spacecraft spins. Enhancements in the SWEPAM instruments from their original forms as Ulysses spare instruments include (1) a factor of 16 increase in the accumulation interval (and hence sensitivity) for high energy, halo electrons; (2) halving of the effective ion-detecting CEM spacing from ∼5° on Ulysses to ∼2.5° for ACE; and (3) the inclusion of a 20° conical swath of enhanced sensitivity coverage in order to measure suprathermal ions outside of the solar wind beam. New control electronics and programming provide for 64-s resolution of the full electron and ion distribution functions and cull out a subset of these observations for continuous real-time telemetry for space weather purposes. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

热处理工艺对新淬火态硬铝合金薄板组织性能的影响

 为了研究新淬火态硬铝合金蜂窝面板的残余应力与力学性能在不同热处理工艺参数下的变化规律,以退火态2A12硬铝合金薄板为对象,设计了在不同的试件取样方向、加热温度、转移时间、介质水温下的淬火正交试验,并测量试件的力学性能和长度方向上的残余应力等考核指标。通过对薄板微观组织的观察及试验中测量数据的对比分析,表明对于新淬火态2A12硬铝合金薄板,水温变化对铝合金薄板的指标影响最为显著,而微观组织中的GP区和过渡相的相互作用对薄板性能起着重要作用。此外在兼顾各指标的情况下,对正交试验中所采用的工艺因素进行了优选。     

基于混合方法的霍尔推力器寿命预估及参数影响分析

为了预估霍尔推力器的寿命,改进了用于半经验公式法的点源模型使原方法计算精度获得优化.在文献已有实验条件和结果的基础上,考察了改进半经验公式法及简易解析模型法的可靠性,结果表明,简易解析模型法在1000h以后的误差逐渐扩大,改进半经验公式法虽然计算精度较好,但需要短寿命实验结果为其提供确定参数的依据.为了在推力器设计阶段和无实验结果的条件下提供保证精度的寿命预估手段,建立了将两种方法结合的混合方法,该方法与简易解析模型法对比表明,运行4000h后SPT内、外壁面计算值的平均相对误差由13.53％和45.28％下降到4.84％和21.2％.采用此方法考察了推力器运行参数改变对寿命的影响规律.