The potential of the lichen symbiosis to cope with the extreme conditions of outer space II: germination capacity of lichen ascospores in response to simulated space conditions.

Complementary to the already well-studied microorganisms, lichens, symbiotic organisms of the mycobiont (fungi) and the photobiont (algae), were used as "model systems" in which to examine the ecological potential to resist to extreme environments of outer space. Ascospores (sexual propagules of the mycobiont) of the lichens Fulgensia bracteata, Xanthoria elegans and Xanthoria parietina were exposed to selected space-simulating conditions (up to 16 h of space vacuum at 10(-3) Pa and UV radiation at 160 nm < or = lambda < or = 400 nm), while embedded in the lichen fruiting bodies. After exposure, the ascospores were discharged and their viability was tested as germination capacity on different culture media including those containing Mars regolith simulant. It was found that (i) the germination rate on media containing Mars regolith simulant was as high as on other mineral-containing media, (ii) if enclosed in the ascocarps, the ascospores survived the vacuum exposure, the UV-irradiation as well as the combined treatment of vacuum and UV to a high degree. In general, 50 % or more viable spores were recovered, with ascospores of X. elegans showing the highest survival. It is suggested that ascospores inside the ascocarps are well protected by the anatomical structure, the gelatinous layer and the pigments (parietin and carotene) against the space parameters tested.     

定常对称背涡流态下细长体绕流结构的演变

应用数值计算的方法模拟了细长体截面绕流结构的演变过程.指出随着细长体背涡的发展,导致截面流场的拓扑结构发生变化,会出现一种临界流动状态.并用微分方程的定性理论分析了此时流场中出现的一种高阶奇点.这种高阶奇点的指数为-3/2,它是结构不稳定的,稍有扰动就会产生分叉,使流场的拓扑结构发生变化.得出了定常对称背涡流态下细长体的空间绕流结构图.     

形状误差分离技术的统一理论——同源、统一的各种直线形状误差分离方法评述

在对国内外现行直线形状误差分离技术分析研究的基础上,论述了各种分离方法的特点和相互关系,从原理、测量准确度和工程应用方面着眼,评述了直线形状误差测量与分离的各种主流方法--"频域三点法"、"时域递推三点法"、"二点法"、"混合两点法"、"时域乱序四点法"、"精密三点法"和"最小二乘逐次多点法"等.指出了各种方法的同源性和统一性,评述了它们的应用条件及优缺点,同时讨论了随机误差和传感器调零误差的影响及消除方法.     

低轨航天器致空间等离子体尾流

建立起一个低轨道航天器引起的等离子体尾的二维计算机模式，结果表明：（１）尾流的宽度随表面负电位值的增加而变窄。（２）随离子马赫数增加尾流位垒变宽；（３）对正电位表面情况尾流近区有电子聚集，并且离子的放空更远。     

共轴式小型直升机操纵系统动态特性分析研究

对某共轴式小型遥控直升机纵向系统建立了工程实用的数学模型,分析研究了该系 统动态特性和参数变化对其动特性的影响.通过与试验、试飞比较,证明该模型是正确的、 可信的、其精度符合工程要求.     

中国夏季E_s出现概率的分布(f_0E_s>7MHz)

在“CCIR”534-1号报告(以下简称“CCIR”)中,提供了全球性E,出现概率的分布,见图1     

纯辐射换热航天器系统比缩热负载试验方法

首先讨论了纯辐射换热的航天器系统温度场在恒定热源情况下具有渐近稳定特性，然后据此提出了对该系统可采用比缩热负载进行热模拟试验的方法。     

Changes in vacuolation in the root apex cells of soybean seedlings in microgravity.

Changes in the vacuolation in root apex cells of soybean (Glycine max L. [Merr.]) seedlings grown in microgravity were investigated. Spaceflight and ground control seedlings were grown in the absence or presence of KMnO4 (to remove ethylene) for 6 days. After landing, in order to study of cell ultrastructure and subcellular free calcium ion distribution, seedling root apices were fixed in 2.5% (w/v) glutaraldehyde in 0.1 M cacodylate buffer and 2% (w/v) glutaraldehyde, 2.5% (w/v) formaldehyde, 2% (w/v) potassium antimonate K[Sb(OH)6] in 0.1 M K2HPO4 buffer with an osmolarity (calculated theoretically) of 0.45 and 1.26 osmol. The concentrations of ethylene in all spaceflight canisters were significantly higher than in the ground control canisters. Seedling growth was reduced in the spaceflight-exposed plants. Additionally, the spaceflight-exposed plants exhibited progressive vacuolation in the root apex cells, particularly in the columella cells, to a greater degree than the ground controls. Plasmolysis was observed in columella cells of spaceflight roots fixed in solutions with relatively high osmolarity (1.26 osmol). The appearance of plasmolysis permitted the evaluation of the water status of cells. The water potential of the spaceflight cells was higher than the surrounding fixative solution. A decrease in osmotic potential and/or an increase in turgor potential may have induced increases in cell water potential. However, the plasmolysed (i.e. non-turgid) cells implied that increases in water potential were accompanied with a decrease in osmotic potential. In such cells changes in vacuolation may have been involved to maintain turgor pressure or may have been a result of intensification of other vacuolar functions like digestion and storage.     

振动状态下频率源特性测试技术研究

阐述了频率稳定性时频域表征的理论和测试方法,以及在振动条件下测量频率稳定性的意义,详细介绍了测量系统的组建方案及工作原理.最后提供了部分测试数据及测试曲线,并对测试系统的经济效益和社会效益进行了简单分析.该测试系统具有噪底低,体积小,便于携带,操作简便等特点,其综合技术指标达到国内领先水平,不仅适用于振动状态下的频率源特性测试,而且完全可以作为通用测试系统用于实验室、工厂等.     

SB—3热控涂层电导稳定性能评估

SB—3是一种消光性能好,吸收率和发射率高的黑色热控涂层材料,基底材料是有机化合物。为了增加电导能力和克服表面电荷积累的现象,在涂层中又掺有导电添加剂。对这样一种有应用前途的热控涂层进行比较深入细致的观察研究是十分必要的。通过这方面的评估研究可以指出该涂层的充电性能的变化及规律,也有助于涂层改进并实现在型号上可靠应用的最终目的。