机载雷达的Searchwater系列

新的Searchwater 2000系列的三个雷达是自二次世界大战以来英国生产的一长串机载雷达中最新的几个。本文概述这种雷达系列的发展史并对最新系统的某些特性进行描述。     

轴流风扇“尖峰型”失速起始特征及其物理机制的实验及数值研究

为了探索风扇失速起始特征及诱因,采用动态流场测量试验与三维粘性流场数值模拟技术,对单级轴流风扇NPU-fan的"尖峰型"旋转失速流场和基本特征进行了研究。实验研究结果表明,轴流风扇NPU-fan在设计转速和非设计转速下均出现了典型的"尖峰型"全叶展失速的旋转失速现象,动态探针测量捕捉到了"尖峰型"失速先兆波及其特征,并且测量得到扰动波的初始转速均约为70%转速;三维流场计算表明,静子叶根角区失速会严重影响风扇的效率,但并未触发压气机的失稳。NPUfan风扇的失速情形符合Vo等提出的尖峰波失速先兆出现准则,是典型的叶尖区流动诱发的风扇/压气机失稳。     

DAIS航空电子软件研制技术

软件研制技术的主要目的是产生正确的工作软件.把本文提供的技术应用于一个完整的软件工程研制计划时,可降低产品的价格和寿命期费用,同时保持了高可靠性。空军 DAIS 计划担负着降低军用航空电子系统的研制、维护和寿命期费用的任务.DAIS 系统提供了一种硬件配置,该配置便于硬件维修、更换和增长.高级软件(HOS)提供一种产生高可靠性软件的方法,此软件是建立在一种高级的设计和开发基础上的.HOS 原理应用于 DAIS 系统,产生了标准的航空电子软件设计和管理方法,该设计方法建立了一个与 DAIS 目标相一致的软件结构标准;该管理方法提供了一种严格受控的、安排很好的软件开发过程,该过程受配置管理方案、开发和验证方法及自动生成文件支持。这里没有给出另一些软件费用因素是:软件的获得过程、人力的安排和组织、航空电子系统方案和支援软件的可移植性。这些费用因素是重要的,因为处理得不合理时,有时会发挥不出好的开发技术的益处。本文假定这些因素不影响 DAIS 航空电子软件所使用的技术。     

航空二冲程活塞发动机分层扫气优化

针对二冲程活塞发动机常规扫气短路损失大、油耗高的问题,提出了一种分层扫气方案并进行了优化。以某发动机为研究对象,采用数值模拟方法建立了分层扫气模型,并对分层扫气过程进行了3维CFD仿真,其计算所需的边界条件通过发动机整体性能1维仿真获得,采用该模型研究了分层扫气发动机扫气机理,对不同容积扫气道进行了仿真,并对二冲程扫气过程的过量充气系数、扫气效率等参数进行对比。在仿真优化研究的基础上加工优化后的扫气道盖实物,并结合发动机巡飞工况状态开展发动机性能对比试验。结果表明：采用分层扫气过程的短路损失相比于常规扫气过程的减小42%,扫气道容积提高到1.3倍可使扫气效率提高2%,相比原型机测试数据,配置1.3倍扫气道容积的发动机在巡航转速范围内,燃油消耗率降低10%,但发动机功率略有降低。     

Science Missions Using CubeSats

As the role of missions and experiments carried out in outer space becomes more and more essential in our understanding of many earthly problems, such as resource management, environmental problems, and disaster management, as well as space science questions, thanks to their lower cost and faster development process CubeSats can benefit humanity and therefore, young scientists and engineers have been motivated to research and develop new CubeSat missions. Not very long after their inception, CubeSats have evolved to become accepted platforms for scientific and commercial applications. The last couple of years showed that they are a feasible tool for conducting scientific experiments, not only in the Earth orbit but also in the interplanetary space. For many countries, a CubeSat mission could prompt the community and young teams around the world to build the national capacity to launch and operate national space missions. This paper presents an overview of the key scientific and engineering gateways opened up to the younger scientific community by the advent and adaptation of new technology into CubeSat missions. The role of cooperation and the opportunities for capacity-building and education are also explored. Thus, the present article also aims to provide useful recommendations to scientists, early-career researchers, engineers, students, and anyone who intends to explore the potential and opportunities offered by CubeSats and CubeSats-based missions.      

利用TDRS数据进行启动定轨

哥达德航天中心已研制出一种星载定轨系统的模型机,用于星上导航的研究与开发。该系统有两种形式,一种用于实验室研究,另一种用于地面验征,以便深入研究以微处理机为基础的自动定轨系统的可行性和实用性。本文描述了每个系统的数学模型和软件结构,并给出了计算精度和实时处理性能方面的实验室鉴定结果。     

任务操作中心——航天器地面数据系统关键部件的一体化

在以减少预算、限定系统开发时间和用户要求增加能力为特征的环境中,国家航空航天局开达德航天中心的任务操作处(MOD)在开发其航天地面数据系统方面提出了一个新的、高经济效益的新概念:任务操作中心(MOC)。按这种称为的方法,使用一种现代化的图形用户接口把关键部件集成为一个集航天器规划、监视、遥制为一体的综合系统。MOD目前正在构造多个MOC,其特点是采用通用的、可重复使用的和可扩展的系统结构,可支持X射线定时探测卫星(XTE)、热带降雨测量卫星(TRMM)和先进合成探测(ACE)卫星。 由于有了MOC方法,各种任务操作集合成整体,用户用一个系统即可完成实时健康和安全监视、实时遥控、实时姿态处理、航天器实时和预测性图形式监视、趋势分析、任务规划和调度、指令生成和管理、测控网调度、引导星选择;用专家系统进行航天器监视以及故障排除。MOD还准备按新的MOC管理机构构造测试和训练模拟器。 本文描述了MOC的概念,开发MOC系统中所使用的管理办法,使用的技术和构造MOC系统中对开发过程进行的改进,以及采用MOC法对用户和卫星工程带来的预期益处。     

The Main Results and the Perspectives in the Researches at SSRT

In this report briefly presented the contemporary state of the experimental base of Radio Astrophysical Observatory (RAO) of the Institute of Solar-Terrestrial Physics (ISTP), the methodology of radioheliographic monitoring of the solar corona, the SSRT database, the RAO Web-pages, factors limiting the effective use of SSRT. Here are formulated the original results of the basic directions of the solar activity researches and the problems solutions on SSRT: (1) active regions at various development stages, morphology, modeling,signs of energy accumulation and flares buildup, forecast of powerful flares; (2) scenario, topology and the fine temporal picture of flares development, signs of primary energy release, radio emission mechanisms, scatter effects of radio emission in turbulent corona, energetic particles fluxes; (3) filaments; (4) CME with the localization of their initiation at the solar disk background, development scenario of filament activation + CME +flare; (5) coronal holes, and (6) bright coronal points.      

Laser Hardening of Metals

The first experiments on hardening metals by laserpeening induced residual compressive stress in the sur-face of metals for improving their resistance to cracking,stress corrosion and fatigue took place more than 30years ago. However, only today, with the development ofhigh-intensity pulse repetitive rate lasers, this methodstarts to compete to traditional peening, which use influ-ence of small metal balls.Laser peening uses pulses with high intensity 109￣1010 W/cm2 [1]. The laser energy abso…