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11.
R Navarro-Gonzalez S I Ramirez J G de la Rosa P Coll F Raulin 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2001,27(2):271-282
Although lightning has not been observed in Titan's atmosphere, the presence of methane rain in the troposphere suggests the possibility of electrical activity in the form of corona and/or lightning discharges. Here we examine the chemical effects of these electrical processes on a Titan simulated atmosphere composed of CH4 in N2 at various mixing ratios. Corona discharges were simulated in two different experimental arrays. For the detection of reactive intermediates we used a mass spectrometer to study the main positive ions arising by bombarding low-energy electrons from a hot filament into low-pressure methane. The final stable products, generated by applying a high voltage in a coaxial reactor with either positive or negative polarity, were separated and detected by gas chromatography-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and electron impact mass spectrometry (GC-FTIR-MS). Lightning discharges were simulated by a hot and dense plasma generated by a Nd-YAG laser and the final products were separated and detected by GC-FTIR-MS. Corona discharges produce linear and branched hydrocarbons as well as nitriles whereas lightning discharges generate mainly unsaturated hydrocarbons and nitriles. Lightning discharges are about 2 orders of magnitude more efficient in product formation than corona discharges. 相似文献
12.
Dominik Quantius Daniel Schubert Volker Maiwald Rosa París Lopéz Jens Hauslage Wolfgang Seboldt Ondrej Doule Irene Lia Schlacht Stephen Ransom 《Acta Astronautica》2014
An effective and self-sustainable artificial habitat design is essential for human spaceflight and expansion of mankind into orbit or towards other celestial bodies. There are two approaches that need to be implemented in future sustainable habitats: the use of re-cycling technologies in order to gain experience in closed-loop processes and the primary production of resource materials using In Situ Resource Utilisation (ISRU) principles. Various products will be provided and, where applicable, recycled in such a system taking into account basic human factors requirements such as crew work load capacity, safety and well-being, namely: 相似文献
13.
Chian A.C.-L. Borotto F.A. Rempel E.L. Macau E.E.N. Rosa R.R. Christiansen F. 《Space Science Reviews》2003,107(1-2):447-461
Space plasmas are dominated by waves, instabilities and turbulence. Dynamical systems approach offers powerful mathematical
and computational techniques to probe the origin and nature of space environment turbulence. Using the nonlinear dynamics
tools such as the bifurcation diagram and Poincaré maps, we study the transition from order to chaos, from weak to strong
chaos, and the destruction of a chaotic attractor. The characterization of the complex system dynamics of the space environment,
such as the Alfvén turbulence, can improve the capability of monitoring Sun-Earth connections and prediction of space weather.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
14.
R.R. Rosa M. Karlický T.B. Veronese N.L. Vijaykumar H.S. Sawant A.I. Borgazzi M.S. Dantas E.B.M. Barbosa R.A. Sych O. Mendes 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2008
We analyze the weak component of the localized temporal pattern variability of 3 GHz solar burst observed by the Ondrejov radiospectrograph. A complex, short and weak impulsive sample from the time series was analyzed by applying a method based on the gradient pattern analysis and discrete wavelet decomposition. By analyzing canonical temporal variability patterns we show that the new method can reliably characterize the phenomenological dynamical process of short time series (N ? 103 measurements) as the radio burst addressed here. In the narrowest sense, by estimating the mutual information distance in the gradient spectra, we show that the fluctuation pattern of the short and weak 3 GHz impulsive solar burst, with energetic amplitudes <350 SFU, is closer to the intermittent and strong MHD turbulent variability pattern. 相似文献
15.
Julio E. Valdivia-Silva Rafael Navarro-González José de la Rosa Christopher P. McKay 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2012
The organic compounds on the Martian surface are still undetectable by the previous Viking mission that has been sent to Mars even though they are expected to be there by exogenous and/or endogenous synthesis. The high abiotic reactivity has been the most acceptable explanation for the apparently absence of organic matter in the regolith. 相似文献