Assessing the environmental impacts of aircraft noise and emissions

With the projected growth in demand for commercial aviation, many anticipate increased environmental impacts associated with noise, air quality, and climate change. Therefore, decision-makers and stakeholders are seeking policies, technologies, and operational procedures that balance environmental and economic interests. The main objective of this paper is to address shortcomings in current decision-making practices for aviation environmental policies. We review knowledge of the noise, air quality, and climate impacts of aviation, and demonstrate how including environmental impact assessment and quantifying uncertainties can enable a more comprehensive evaluation of aviation environmental policies. A comparison is presented between the cost-effectiveness analysis currently used for aviation environmental policy decision-making and an illustrative cost-benefit analysis. We focus on assessing a subset of the engine NO_X emissions certification stringency options considered at the eighth meeting of the International Civil Aviation Organization’s Committee on Aviation Environmental Protection. The FAA Aviation environmental Portfolio Management Tool (APMT) is employed to conduct the policy assessments. We show that different conclusions may be drawn about the same policy options depending on whether benefits and interdependencies are estimated in terms of health and welfare impacts versus changes in NO_X emissions inventories as is the typical practice. We also show that these conclusions are sensitive to a variety of modeling uncertainties. While our more comprehensive analysis makes the best policy option less clear, it represents a more accurate characterization of the scientific and economic uncertainties underlying impacts and the policy choices.     

行走在红色圣地--四川摄影家重走长征路报道

四川摄影家重走长征路采风团6月25日出发前往红军长征时经过四川的重要地区：阿坝。七十年前的长征路上，决定中国工农红军命运的重大历史事件，几乎都在这片土地上发生了。达维会师、两河口会议、毛尔盖会议、金川会议、巴西会议、张国焘分裂红军等事件，     

空气循环制冷游离水与空气分离方法的探讨与研究

本文分析了空气循环制冷技术的原理以及技术应用于地面设备的特点，针对外界高温、高湿的大气条件下制冷过程中游离水与空气的分离问题给出了新的有效的解决办法。     

Active disturbance rejection control for drag tracking in mars entry guidance

Future Mars missions will require precision landing capability, which motivates the need for entry closed-loop guidance schemes. A new tracking law – active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) – is presented in this paper. The ability of the ADRC tracking law to handle the atmospheric models and the vehicle’s aerodynamic errors is investigated. Monte Carlo simulations with dispersions in entry state variables, drag and lift coefficients, and atmospheric density show effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.     

卫星总体设计部分指标最优分配的一种模型

卫星总体指标合理分配是卫星总体设计的一项重要内容。采用非线性优化方法和卫星总体参数优化中的多目标多学科优化设计方法对卫星总体设计的指标进行了最优分配。结果有效所建的优化模型和所采用的非线性优化方法和多目标多学科优化方法是可行有效的。     

实行贡献排序法的相关建议与说明--高校教师职称评审中实行贡献排序法研究(四)

依据贡献排序法量化考评体系对高校职称参评者进行考评时,还要解决好贡献排序法的适应性问题、操作方便性问题、职称评审委员会的职责再定位问题、行政管理与党务工作者的分数补贴问题,贡献排序法本身也要不断完善.     

复合材料方形膜的压力频率特性

基于一种典型的微结构硅谐振压力传感器由多层不同材料构成的谐振子的实际结构特点，建立了被测压力与谐振子静挠度，谐振子固有频率的数学模型，计算和分析了谐振子的振动特性，给出了各复合材料层的几何参数、物理参数对其振动特性的影响规律，揭示了复合材料方形膜的压力频率特性，为设计该类谐振子提供了理论依据。     

潜在电路分析技术及在航天控制系统中的应用

简要介绍潜在电路分析（ＳＣＡ）技术的原理及实施方法，以及在我国航天控制系统中的初步研究成果，以期引起重视，推动这项研究在我国的进一步开展。     

统筹图中求有关参数的权关联矩阵算法

给出一个求统筹图中有关参数的数值算法，证明了算法的理论依据，并举例说明算法的应用。     

混凝土结构中模板高支撑的计算和应用

文章介绍了钢筋混凝土施工中高支撑模板系统的计算及应用情况，解决了施工中模板高支撑的稳定和安全问题，对于实际操作具有一定的指导意义。