低空无人机交通管理概览与建议综述

大量无序飞行的低空无人机运行会对地面设施、公共安全、空中载人飞行器等带来危害。然而,目前民航空中交通管理不能适应未来数以百万架的无人机。为了应对该挑战,世界各国针对低空无人机空中交通管理开发了新框架。低空无人机空中交通管理属于近几年出来的新事物。藉此聚焦于低空无人机交通管理,从4个方面进行概览：低空无人机相关的空中交通基本概念及现状、低空无人机交通管理介绍、低空无人机交通管理的关键技术和低空无人机交通管理相关科学问题,以期望对无人机产业健康发展有一定的建议意义。     

基于改进型BP神经网络多关节机器人逆向运动学求解

提出采用一种3层改进型快速BP神经网络(Modified fast BP neural network,MFBPNN)求解一个5自由度多关节机器人逆向运动学问题。使用正向运动学计算获得的样本向量进行离线学习,然后充分利用人工神经网络的泛化特性,实现了机器人末端作用器位姿到各个关节转角变量之间的非线性映射。仿真结果表明,采用MFBPNN算法以后,绝对误差不超过0．005°,计算精度和处理速度能够满足机器人实时控制的要求,并且可以应用于机器人路径规划控制场合。     

用于彩色图像分割的有效特征分析(英文)

提出了一种基于分析特征分割贡献的彩色图像分割方法。该方法不受某一特定彩色空间的限制 ,有效特征的确定取决于所设计的特征编码器对被测彩色图像中各种彩色特征的分析结果。该技术不同于以往的分割技术 ,自组织特征映射被用来构造特征编码器 ,使得编码器能自组织地分析不同彩色图像的有效特征。当合适的彩色特征和初始参数给定后 ,模糊聚类技术被用于最后的分割处理。该方法已经应用于不同类型的彩色图像分割处理 ,实验结果说明了该技术明显优于传统的聚类技术。研究表明 ,特征编码为彩色图像分割的自动化和最优化提供了保证。     

Ion composition behaviour in low and mid-latitudes during high solar activity

In the present analysis, the mass spectrometer data from the ISS-b satellite, available in the form of contour plots at an average height of 1100 km for every alternate hour, is used. This analysis showed some interesting results in terms of the diurnal variation of the transition heights; at times dominance of He⁺ over the other ions, and the seasonal variations of different constituents. In the development of ion composition models, it is suggested that this type of result should be taken into consideration.     

Future earth observation missions for oceanographic applications: Indian perspectives

Significant progress has been achieved in India in demonstrating the utility of remote sensing data for various oceanographic applications during the last one decade. Among these, techniques have been developed for retrieval of ocean surface waves, winds, wave forecast model, internal waves, sea surface temperature and chlorophyll pigments. Encouraged from these results as well as for meeting the specific and increasing data requirements on an assured basis by oceanographers, India is making concerted efforts for developing and launching state-of-the-art indigenous satellites for ocean applications in the coming years.

The first in the series of ocean satellites planned for launch is Oceansat-1 (IRS-P4) by early 1999. Oceansat-1 carries on-board an Ocean Colour Monitor (OCM) and a Multi-frequency Scanning Microwave Radiometer (MSMR). OCM will have 8 narrow spectral bands operating in visible and near- infrared bands (402–885 nm) with a spatial resolution of 360 m and swath of 1420 km. The MSMR with its all weather capability is configured to have measurements at 4 frequencies viz., 6.6, 10.65, 18 & 21 GHz in dual polarisation mode with a spatial resolution of 120, 80, 40 & 40 km, respectively with an overall swath of 1360 km. The Oceansat-1 with repetitivity of once in two days will provide global data for retrieval of various oceanographic and meteorological parameters such as chlorophyll (primary productivity), sea surface temperature and wind speed, besides a host of other parameters of relevance to meteorology.

A full fledged satellite for ocean applications known as Oceansat-2 (IRS-P7) is also planned for launch during 2002. This satellite with payload mix of microwave (Scatterometer, Altimeter & Passive Microwave Radiometer), Thermal (TIR) and Optical (OCM) sensors, will provide greater in-sight into the global understanding of ocean dynamics/resources. This mission is expected to provide a complete set of oceanographic measurements, which are useful for providing operational oceanographic services.

Efforts are also on towards development of missions having multi-frequency, multipolarisation and multi-look angle microwave payloads including Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) and advanced millimeter wave sounders, besides development of imaging spectrometers by 2005.

A well-knit plan has been initiated in India for utilisation of planned Oceansat data. Important efforts initiated in this direction include SATellite Coastal and Oceanographic Research and Ocean Information Services, which are being carried out on an integrated basis aiming at providing services to the down stream users. The paper highlights these efforts in India towards providing an operational ocean information services in the coming years.     

一种新的硬/软件系统可靠性分析方法

在一种新的软件可靠性分析方法基础上，参考硬件系统的阶段性任务可靠性的建方法，为在对于不可修的计算机系统进行可靠性分析时考虑硬、软件之间复杂的相关作用提出了一套比较全面的解决办法。从而为更准确地评估计算机系统可靠性提供了可能。文中分析了一个飞行控制系统实例。     

用虚拟区域法结合虚拟边界条件求解对称及管壁流动问题

分析了用基于Lagrange乘子的虚拟区域法数值求解时,翼型后缘存在的奇异问题.为了保持直角坐标网格结构简单及可利用快速算法的特点,提出引入虚拟边界条件控制虚拟流动的方法处理奇异问题.用虚拟区域法数值模拟了翼型不可压对称绕流;并把该方法推广应用到管壁流动的数值模拟,给出了喷管内流场的算例.数值结果表明,虚拟边界条件的引入有助于控制Lagrange乘子的变化,从而改善数值模拟的精度.     

某型飞机自动驾驶信号仿真系统设计与实现

自动驾驶信号仿真系统能够模拟某型教练机进行自动驾驶操作时所需要的动态信号。解决飞机地面试验时无真实动态的飞机攻角、高度、马赫数等大气机数据以及飞机姿态角、升降速度等惯导数据信息的问题。本文主要介绍某型教练机自动驾驶信号仿真系统的设计与实现方法。     

On the uncertainties in the measurement of absolute (true) TEC over Indian equatorial and low latitude sectors

The Indian sector encompasses the equatorial and low latitude regions where the ionosphere is highly dynamic and is characterized by the equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA) resulting in large latitudinal electron density gradients causing errors and uncertainties in the estimation of range delays in satellite based navigation systems. The diurnal and seasonal variations of standard deviations in the TEC data measured during the low sunspot period 2004–2005 at 10 different Indian stations located from equator to the anomaly crest region and beyond are examined and presented. The day-to-day variability in TEC is found to be lowest at the equatorial station and increases with latitude up to the crest region of EIA and decreases beyond.     

Analysis of generalized guidance laws for homing missiles

It is shown that the optimal guidance problem can be handled as a Bolza-type problem which can be solved by straightforward calculation. The solution proves to be different from that given by Yang, et al. (1989) and is verified to be a minimum performance index solution. Also presented is an alternate unified approach to the solution of the nonlinear system of differential equation of the generalized proportional navigation law discussed earlier by Yang, et al. This unified equation has been solved for all the different cases of proportional navigation for which closed-form solutions have been published by earlier authors