面向层流减阻设计的转捩预测方法研究

发展高效可靠的转捩预测方法是飞行器层流减阻设计的关键。本文针对未来飞行器对层流减阻设计的强烈需求,发展了三种工程实用的转捩预测方法,分别为基于线性稳定性理论的双eN方法、基于流场当地变量的γ-Reθ转捩模型和一种基于动模态分解的DMD/eN转捩预测新方法。通过DLR-F4翼身组合体、镰刀形机翼及NLF0416自然层流翼型转捩预测算例的计算值与实验值对比,验证了所发展的转捩预测方法的正确性。以双eN方法为例,将转捩预测方法与优化方法结合,开展了针对中短程民机的跨声速层流机翼优化设计研究。结果表明,优化机翼相对于基准机翼减阻效果明显,证明了本文发展的转捩预测方法有较强的工程应用价值。     

复合材料单搭胶接接头静力与疲劳裂纹扩展研究

胶层裂纹是复合材料胶接接头的常见损伤形式之一,严重影响复合材料结构的完整性。以胶接结构中常见的复合材料单搭胶接接头为研究对象,建立其三维数值模型,采用双线性内聚力本构关系表征静态裂纹扩展,并将静态模型扩展至疲劳裂纹扩展模型;结合静力与疲劳试验,对单搭胶接接头的应力应变分布规律、裂纹扩展与破坏机理展开研究。结果表明：单搭...     

基于排除法填充模型的数独求解算法

根据数独游戏的规则,建立一种排除法填充数独的数学模型。在该数学模型的基础上,提出填充数独游戏的算法,通过Matlab语言编写程序,实现计算机上填充数独游戏。最后分析了该填充模型的优越性及局限性,并提出改进的方向。     

中国支线机场运营评价指标体系初探

随着我国国民经济的迅猛发展,地区间的人员交流和货物运输需求日益增长,社会公众对于交通运输方式的便利性、舒适性和价格合理性的要求不断提高。我国幅员辽阔、人口众多,各地区地理环境和自然禀赋各不相同,支线机场建设周期短、社会效益大,是发     

高效弯掠对转桨扇流动特点与桨距调节规律

采用数值计算的方法分析了高亚声速来流条件下弯掠对转桨扇的流动特点,开展了不同自由来流马赫数下的高效对转桨扇桨距调节规律的研究。研究表明：在弯掠桨扇的内部流场,从约30%相对叶高位置处开始形成明显激波结构,但当弯掠桨扇通道内峰值马赫数在1.2及以下时激波强度相对较弱,流动损失在可接受范围。由于桨距角对桨扇的推进效率影响显著,研究提出了可行有效的对转桨扇桨距调节方法,数值计算表明桨扇的推进效率均在75%以上。数值仿真预测的各马赫数下桨扇的推力值表明前叶推力对马赫数的变化更加敏感。     

氢处理对钛合金组织性能的影响及其机理

总结了钛合金的氢处理工艺方法，综述了氢在钛合金中的基本效应，以及氢对钛合金的组织结构和力学性能的影响规律及其机理。     

一种基于USB2．0接口的数据采集系统的设计方案与实现

提出了一种基于USB2．0(Universal Serial Bus)接口数据采集系统的设计及具体实现方法；该系统使用CYPRESS公司的EZ_USB系列芯片；整个系统的开发主要围绕EZ_USB—CY7C68013芯片；该系统可进一步扩展成对多媒体采集系统。     

A reappraisal of the habitability of planets around M dwarf stars

Stable, hydrogen-burning, M dwarf stars make up about 75% of all stars in the Galaxy. They are extremely long-lived, and because they are much smaller in mass than the Sun (between 0.5 and 0.08 M(Sun)), their temperature and stellar luminosity are low and peaked in the red. We have re-examined what is known at present about the potential for a terrestrial planet forming within, or migrating into, the classic liquid-surface-water habitable zone close to an M dwarf star. Observations of protoplanetary disks suggest that planet-building materials are common around M dwarfs, but N-body simulations differ in their estimations of the likelihood of potentially habitable, wet planets that reside within their habitable zones, which are only about one-fifth to 1/50th of the width of that for a G star. Particularly in light of the claimed detection of the planets with masses as small as 5.5 and 7.5 M(Earth) orbiting M stars, there seems no reason to exclude the possibility of terrestrial planets. Tidally locked synchronous rotation within the narrow habitable zone does not necessarily lead to atmospheric collapse, and active stellar flaring may not be as much of an evolutionarily disadvantageous factor as has previously been supposed. We conclude that M dwarf stars may indeed be viable hosts for planets on which the origin and evolution of life can occur. A number of planetary processes such as cessation of geothermal activity or thermal and nonthermal atmospheric loss processes may limit the duration of planetary habitability to periods far shorter than the extreme lifetime of the M dwarf star. Nevertheless, it makes sense to include M dwarf stars in programs that seek to find habitable worlds and evidence of life. This paper presents the summary conclusions of an interdisciplinary workshop (http://mstars.seti.org) sponsored by the NASA Astrobiology Institute and convened at the SETI Institute.     

Resistance of bacterial endospores to outer space for planetary protection purposes--experiment PROTECT of the EXPOSE-E mission

Spore-forming bacteria are of particular concern in the context of planetary protection because their tough endospores may withstand certain sterilization procedures as well as the harsh environments of outer space or planetary surfaces. To test their hardiness on a hypothetical mission to Mars, spores of Bacillus subtilis 168 and Bacillus pumilus SAFR-032 were exposed for 1.5 years to selected parameters of space in the experiment PROTECT during the EXPOSE-E mission on board the International Space Station. Mounted as dry layers on spacecraft-qualified aluminum coupons, the "trip to Mars" spores experienced space vacuum, cosmic and extraterrestrial solar radiation, and temperature fluctuations, whereas the "stay on Mars" spores were subjected to a simulated martian environment that included atmospheric pressure and composition, and UV and cosmic radiation. The survival of spores from both assays was determined after retrieval. It was clearly shown that solar extraterrestrial UV radiation (λ≥110?nm) as well as the martian UV spectrum (λ≥200?nm) was the most deleterious factor applied; in some samples only a few survivors were recovered from spores exposed in monolayers. Spores in multilayers survived better by several orders of magnitude. All other environmental parameters encountered by the "trip to Mars" or "stay on Mars" spores did little harm to the spores, which showed about 50% survival or more. The data demonstrate the high chance of survival of spores on a Mars mission, if protected against solar irradiation. These results will have implications for planetary protection considerations.