齿轮滚轧成形技术及其研究进展

齿轮滚轧成形技术是一种结合齿轮锻造成形优势和轧制技术特点的齿轮塑性成形新工艺.对齿轮滚轧成形技术的基本原理和特点进行了简要介绍,对国内外有关齿轮滚轧成形技术的研究现状进行了综述,重点从工艺基础理论、数值模拟分析以及试验研究等方面给出了当前齿轮滚轧成形技术面临的主要问题,并据此提出了未来齿轮滚轧成形技术研究发展的若干建议.     

阿牛巴流量计在氢氧火箭发动机大流量气流试验中的应用

为满足某型号氢氧火箭发动机大流量气流试验要求,通过深入分析和调研,决.定采用阿牛巴质量流量计进行气体流量测量.介绍了阿牛巴流量计的结构组成、工作原理,对流量计的管道安装、流量数据计算进行了详细描述,将阿牛巴流量计与科里奥利质量流量计的测试数据进行比较,结果表明阿牛巴流量计在试验中具有良好使用效果.最后对阿牛巴流量计的性能特点、应用前景进行了论述.     

直升机技术在风机惯性载荷计算中的应用

本文根据直升机旋翼惯性载荷的计算方法，导出了风机风轮由于复合运动产生的叶片及轮毂中心惯性载荷的理论计算公式，并以1．3MW风机为例进行了计算，揭示了哥氏惯性力和陀螺力矩对风机载荷产生的影响。     

陀螺稳定的机载重力测量平台

本文介绍了满足目前测量飞机中重力异常达１毫伽需求的陀螺稳定的机械重力测量平台，这种技术尽管不需要新的内容，但已用目前工艺方法进行了改进提高。目前，惯性器件，改进的机械平台部件，改进的电子器件和计算功率的提高及较好的热控制都有助于形成较好的稳定，滤波和导航。     

Early cardiovascular adaptation to zero gravity simulated by head-down tilt

The early cardiovascular adaptation to zero gravity, simulated by head-down tilt at 5 degrees, was studied in a series of 10 normal young men. The validity of the model was confirmed by comparing the results with data from Apollo and Skylab flights. Tilt produced a significant central fluid shift with a transient increase in central venous pressure, later followed by an increase in left ventricular size without changes in cardiac output, arterial pressure, or contractile state. The hemodynamic changes were transient with a nearly complete return to the control state within 6 hr. The adaptation included a diuresis and a decrease in blood volume, associated with ADH, renin and aldosterone inhibition.     

Dexamethasone mimicks the antimotion sickness effects of amphetamine and scopolamine

Based on preliminary suggestions that individual differences in susceptibility to stressful motion might be related to physiological differences in responses of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, we tested the efficacy of dexamethasone and metyrapone in subjects exposed to cross-coupled accelerative semicircular canal stimulation on a rotating chair. Subjects given 0.5 mg of dexamethasone every 6 h for 48 h could endure 80% more stressful motion (P = 0.03) in a within-subjects design study, whereas, no improvement followed treatment with 750 mg of metyrapone[correction of metryapone] every 4 h for 24 h. The efficacy of dexamethasone might be explained in terms of its neurochemical actions on several neurotransmitter systems which are also modulated by such classical antimotion sickness drugs as amphetamine and scopolamine. Because dexamethasone induces adaptive changes within the central nervous system it may prove superior to scopolamine and amphetamine which possess significant side effects, are short acting, and rapidly tolerated.     

Risk management in international manned space program operations

New, innovative joint safety policies and requirements were developed in support of the Shuttle/Mir program, which is the first phase of the International Space Station program. This work has resulted in a joint multinational analysis culminating in joint certification for mission readiness. For these planning and development efforts, each nation's risk programs and individual safety practices had to be integrated into a comprehensive and compatible system that reflects the joint nature of the endeavor. This paper highlights the major incremental steps involved in planning and program integration during development of the Shuttle/Mir program. It traces the transition from early development to operational status and highlights the valuable lessons learned that apply to the International Space Station program (Phase 2). Also examined are external and extraneous factors that affected mission operations and the corresponding solutions to ensure safe and effective Shuttle/Mir missions.     

The effects of prolonged weightlessness and reduced gravity environments on human survival

The manned exploration of the solar system and the surfaces of some of the smaller planets and larger satellites requires that we are able to keep the adverse human physiological response to long term exposure to near zero and greatly reduced gravity environments within acceptable limits consistent with metabolic function. This paper examines the physiological changes associated with microgravity conditions with particular reference to the weightless demineralizatoin of bone (WDB). It is suggested that many of these changes are the result of physical/mechanical processes and are not primarily a medical problem. There are thus two immediately obvious and workable, if relatively costly, solutions to the problem of weightlessness. The provision of a near 1 g field during prolonged space flights, and/or the development of rapid transit spacecraft capable of significant acceleration and short flight times. Although these developments could remove or greatly ameliorate the effects of weightlessness during long-distance space flights there remains a problem relating to the long term colonization of the surfaces of Mars, the Moon, and other small solar system bodies. It is not yet known whether or not there is a critical threshold value of 'g' below which viable human physiological function cannot be sustained. If such a threshold exists permanent colonization may only be possible if the threshold value of 'g' is less than that at the surface of the planet on which we wish to settle.