用于稳定光电瞄准线的动调陀螺

商业市场中的动调陀螺（DTG）主要是作为一种低成本、小体积的双轴速率敏感器用在战术导弹上，且在这一领域被广泛应用。动调陀螺也适用于稳定光电瞄准线，尽管有关该领域的文献很少，初看起来，该陀螺似乎采用的是普遍应用于单轴积分陀螺中的相同的锁定回路技术，但不管怎样，它们还是存在很微妙但却很重要的差别，不注意这些差别可能会导致陀螺性能降低或失效，有关这些内容及DTG在瞄准稳定系统中应用的其它问题将被讨论，讨论内容也将包含工作原理，接口电路，锁定回路设计及光电系统中典型误差源分析。     

Social desirability bias in personality testing: implications for astronaut selection

The assessment of personality is recognized by space agencies as an approach to identify candidates likely to perform optimally during spaceflights. In the use of personality scales for selection, the impact of social desirability (SD) has been cited as a concern. Study 1 addressed the impact of SD on responses to the Personality Characteristic Inventory(PCI) and NEO-FFI. This was achieved by contrasting scores from active astronauts (N=65) with scores of successful astronaut applicants (N=63), and between pilots applicants (N=1271) and pilot research subjects (N=120). Secondly, personality scores were correlated with scores on the Marlow Crown Social Desirability Scale among applicants to managerial positions (N=120). The results indicated that SD inflated scores on PCI scales assessing negative interpersonal characteristics, and impacted on four of five scales in NEO-FFI. Still, the effect sizes were small or moderate. Study 2 addressed performance implications of SD during an assessment of males applying to work as rescue personnel operations in the North Sea (N=22). The results showed that SD correlated negatively with cognitive test performance, and positively with discrepancy in performance ratings between self and two observers. In conclusion, caution is needed in interpreting personality scores in applicant populations. SD maybe a negative predictor for performance under stress.     

用于军事系统的GPS／INS技术发展趋势

本文重点探讨的是军用平台与武器上的惯性敏感器、ＧＰＳ精度和考虑干扰问题的组合ＧＰＳ／ＩＮＳ系统及在未来可形成１ｍ精度的全球导航系统的技术发展趋势。对于惯性敏感器,将介绍适用于军用系统的、决定发展方向的敏感器技术,它们是：光纤陀螺、硅微机械陀螺、谐振梁和加速度计及硅微机械加速度。本文钭对未来几十年内用于军事领域内的惯性仪表及惯性系统作一展望。将描述标定的ＧＰＳ及观测精度,以及各个阶段的ＷＡＧＥ方法、     

我国通用航空应急管理体系构建

低空空域开放是助力我国通用航空迅速发展的重大战略性举措,同时将对通用航空在作业过程中的应急管理带来挑战。文章给出通用航空突发事件的定义,对引起通用航空突发事件的致灾因素从通用航空器、通用航空作业环境、通用航空服务保障情况做一分析。阐述了通用航空应急管理的定义。最后提出了基于应急管理平台的通用航空应急管理体系。     

Amino acids from ion-irradiated nitrile-containing ices

Solid CH(3)CN and solid H(2)O + CH(3)CN were ion irradiated near 10 K to initiate chemical reactions thought to occur in extraterrestrial ices. The infrared spectra of these samples after irradiation revealed the synthesis of new molecules. After the irradiated ices were warmed to remove volatiles, the resulting residual material was extracted and analyzed. Both unhydrolyzed and acid-hydrolyzed residues were examined by both liquid and gas chromatographic-mass spectral methods and found to contain a rich mixture of products. The unhydrolyzed samples showed HCN, NH(3), acetaldehyde (formed by reaction with background and atmospheric H(2)O), alkyamines, and numerous other compounds, but no amino acids. However, reaction products in hydrolyzed residues contained a suite of amino acids that included some found in carbonaceous chondrite meteorites. Equal amounts of D- and L-enantiomers were found for each chiral amino acid detected. Extensive use was made of (13)C-labeled CH(3)CN to confirm amino acid identifications and discriminate against possible terrestrial contaminants. The results reported here show that ices exposed to cosmic rays can yield products that, after hydrolysis, form a set of primary amino acids equal in richness to those made by other methods, such as photochemistry.     

Meteors do not break exogenous organic molecules into high yields of diatomics

Meteoroids that dominate the Earth's extraterrestrial mass influx (50-300 microm size range) may have contributed a unique blend of exogenous organic molecules at the time of the origin of life. Such meteoroids are so large that most of their mass is ablated in the Earth's atmosphere. In the process, organic molecules are decomposed and chemically altered to molecules differently from those delivered to the Earth's surface by smaller (<50 microm) micrometeorites and larger (>10 cm) meteorites. The question addressed here is whether the organic matter in these meteoroids is fully decomposed into atoms or diatomic compounds during ablation. If not, then the ablation products made available for prebiotic organic chemistry, and perhaps early biology, might have retained some memory of their astrophysical nature. To test this hypothesis we searched for CN emission in meteor spectra in an airborne experiment during the 2001 Leonid meteor storm. We found that the meteor's light-emitting air plasma, which included products of meteor ablation, contained less than 1 CN molecule for every 30 meteoric iron atoms. This contrasts sharply with the nitrogen/iron ratio of 1:1.2 in the solid matter of comet 1P/Halley. Unless the nitrogen content or the abundance of complex organic matter in the Leonid parent body, comet 55P/Tempel-Tuttle, differs from that in comet 1P/Halley, it appears that very little of that organic nitrogen decomposes into CN molecules during meteor ablation in the rarefied flow conditions that characterize the atmospheric entry of meteoroids approximately 50 microm-10 cm in size. We propose that the organics of such meteoroids survive instead as larger compounds.     

Germination and growth of wheat in simulated Martian atmospheres

One design for a manned Mars base incorporates a bioregenerative life support system based upon growing higher plants at a low atmospheric pressure in a greenhouse on the Martian surface. To determine the concept's feasibility, the germination and initial growth of wheat (Triticum aestivum) was evaluated at low atmospheric pressures in simulated Martian atmosphere (SMA) and in SMA supplemented with oxygen. Total atmospheric pressures ranged from 10 to 1013 mb. No seeds germinated in pure SMA, regardless of atmospheric pressure. In SMA plus oxygen at 60 mb total pressure, germination and growth occurred but were lower than in the Earth atmosphere controls.     

The NASA Performance Assessment Workstation: cognitive performance during head-down bed rest

The NASA Performance Assessment Workstation was used to assess cognitive performance changes in eight males subjected to seventeen days of 6 degrees head-down bed rest. PAWS uses six performance tasks to assess directed and divided attention, spatial, mathematical, and memory skills, and tracking ability. Subjective scales assess overall fatigue and mood state. Subjects completed training trials, practice trials, bed rest trials, and recovery trials. The last eight practice trials and all bed rest trials were performed with subjects lying face-down on a gurney. In general, there was no apparent cumulative effect of bed rest. Following a short period of performance stabilization, a slight but steady trend of performance improvement was observed across all trials. For most tasks, this trend of performance improvement was enhanced during recovery. No statistically significant differences in performance were observed when comparing bed rest with the control period. Additionally, fatigue scores showed little change across all periods.     

某型飞机导弹引导头与雷达不匹配故障分析

针对一起某型飞机导弹引导头与雷达不匹配故障,全面剖析了不匹配故障产生的机理,通过对雷达和武器系统交联工作原理的详细分析,结合设备检测结果逐步缩小排故范围,最终锁定故障点,之后对内外场大量不匹配故障进行总结和分析,建立了排查故障树,为类似故障的排除提供参考。     

变循环发动机双涵道模式下变几何控制探索

为了实现变循环发动机的性能优化,利用混合优化算法寻找最优的几何控制变量来实现变循环发动机的性能提升。在节流优化过程中,采用了单独减小高压转子转速和协同调节高低压转子转速两种控制方案,并计算了巡航状态时在这两种控制方案下发动机由最大推力到50%最大推力的节流过程中,发动机性能参数和工作参数的变化。计算结果表明:在高度为11km、马赫数为0.9条件下,保持进口流量不变,在50%最大推力时协同调节方案相比单一调节方案,发动机的耗油率下降了5.997%,另一个巡航状态(高度为9km,马赫数为0.8)下也有相似的结果。这表明采用高低压转速协同控制能对发动机进行更有效的控制,进一步改善了发动机的巡航性能。