倾转旋翼机过渡段最优飞行控制系统设计

针对倾转旋翼机既存在拉力矢量控制又存在空气舵控制的复杂操作特性,在完成倾转旋翼机数学建模的基础上,采用线性二次型最优调节器方法对其过渡段飞行控制系统进行了设计。仿真验证表明,所设计的飞行控制系统能够满足要求,说明了该设计方案的可行性。     

Orbit selection and its impact on radiation warning architecture for a human mission to Mars

With the recent announcement of the discovery of the possibility of life on Mars, there is renewed interest in Mars missions, perhaps eventually in human missions. Astronauts on such missions are at risk to occasional periods of enhanced high energy particle flux from the sun known as Solar Particle Events. These events can pose a substantial risk to the health of the astronauts and to the on-board electronics. Effective forecast and warning of these events could provide time to take steps to minimize the risk (retreating to a safe haven, shutting down sensitive equipment, etc.) Providing that forecast capability, will require additional monitoring capability. The extent of this architecture is sensitive to the orbit selected for the transfer to and from Mars. This paper looks at the major classes of Mars missions (Conjunction and Opposition) and sub-categories of these classes and draws conclusions on the number of monitoring satellites needed for each, with a goal to reducing total system cost through optimum orbit selection.     

一种概率密度函数多目标跟踪器

本文介绍一种解决多目标跟踪问题用的概率密度函数方法。其输入数据是前端检测器所有时间上的测量值，期望的输出是出现的目标数和每个目标的参数。这一方法曾用于时间延迟检测和跟踪问题，目前被用于解决多目标跟踪问题。该方法可代替传统的对测量“关联”和“跟踪”的方法。     

一体化外形的高超声速飞行器升阻特性研究

针对吸气式高超声速飞行器气动/发动机一体化耦合的特点,阐述了高超声速飞行器存在推力-阻力平衡、升力-重力平衡、力的界面划分等问题;分析了飞行器主要部件的受力情况及对整个飞行器阻力、升力的影响,算例分析表明,发动机内通道产生负升力,后体产生正升力,发动机的合升力为负值;介绍了气动/发动机力的界面划分的两种方法及其应用,给出了研究推力-阻力平衡、升力-重力平衡、升阻比特性时应采用的划分方法;利用Bruguet航程公式研究了飞行器的航程与升阻比的关系,证明高超声速飞行器的航程存在极限值。     

Humans to Mars: a feasibility and cost-benefit analysis

Mars is a compelling astrobiological target, and a human mission would provide an opportunity to collect immense amounts of scientific data. Exploration alone, however, cannot justify the increased risk. Instead, three factors drive a human mission: economics, education, and exploration. A human mission has a unique potential to inspire the next generation of young people to enter critically needed science and engineering disciplines. A mission is economically feasible, and the research and development program put in place for a human mission would propel growth in related high-technology industries. The main hurdles are human physiological responses to 1–2 years of radiation and microgravity exposure. However, enabling technologies are sufficiently mature in these areas that they can be developed within a few decade timescale. Hence, the decision of whether or not to undertake a human mission to Mars is a political decision, and thus, educational and economic benefits are the crucial factors.     

基于多块对接网格的多侧喷流瞬态干扰特性研究

基于无限插值理论和多块网格技术,生成了带多姿控发动机的拦截弹结构体网格。利用非定常N-S方程数值求解技术,计算了大气层内高超音速拦截弹带多个横向喷流的瞬态干扰流场,为拦截弹瞬态多侧向喷流的精确控制力建模提供了理论参考依据。研究结果表明,与单喷瞬态干扰相比,瞬态多侧向喷流干扰延迟效应更明显;多侧喷瞬态喷流尾流对尾翼存在更强干扰现象。     

低雷诺数下翼面局部振动增升机理研究

采用计算流体力学(CFD)方法研究低雷诺数下翼面局部振动对翼型气动特性及其流动特征的影响规律。建立局部振动激励的力学模型,并采用任意拉格朗日-欧拉坐标系下的特征线有限元(ALE-CBS)方法对局部振动激励下翼型绕流问题进行模拟,分析局部振动对非定常流动演化的影响规律,揭示其增升机理。研究结果表明:翼面局部变形的增加会有效降低翼型上表面的前缘压力;非定常流动分离中旋涡之间的距离及其演化频率与振动频率的关系是影响翼型翼面局部振动增升效果的重要因素。当流场主频率与振动频率相同,次要频率为主频率的2倍,即发生锁频时,翼面振动产生的移动分离泡能够使分离区从主流获取更多的能量,使翼型上表面保持较低的压力,有效提高翼型升力。     

Biosignature detection at an Arctic analog to Europa

The compelling evidence for an ocean beneath the ice shell of Europa makes it a high priority for astrobiological investigations. Future missions to the icy surface of this moon will query the plausibly sulfur-rich materials for potential indications of the presence of life carried to the surface by mobile ice or partial melt. However, the potential for generation and preservation of biosignatures under cold, sulfur-rich conditions has not previously been investigated, as there have not been suitable environments on Earth to study. Here, we describe the characterization of a range of biosignatures within potentially analogous sulfur deposits from the surface of an Arctic glacier at Borup Fiord Pass to evaluate whether evidence for microbial activities is produced and preserved within these deposits. Optical and electron microscopy revealed microorganisms and extracellular materials. Elemental sulfur (S?), the dominant mineralogy within field samples, is present as rhombic and needle-shaped mineral grains and spherical mineral aggregates, commonly observed in association with extracellular polymeric substances. Orthorhombic α-sulfur represents the stable form of S?, whereas the monoclinic (needle-shaped) γ-sulfur form rosickyite is metastable and has previously been associated with sulfide-oxidizing microbial communities. Scanning transmission electron microscopy showed mineral deposition on cellular and extracellular materials in the form of submicron-sized, needle-shaped crystals. X-ray diffraction measurements supply supporting evidence for the presence of a minor component of rosickyite. Infrared spectroscopy revealed parts-per-million level organics in the Borup sulfur deposits and organic functional groups diagnostic of biomolecules such as proteins and fatty acids. Organic components are below the detection limit for Raman spectra, which were dominated by sulfur peaks. These combined investigations indicate that sulfur mineral deposits may contain identifiable biosignatures that can be stabilized and preserved under low-temperature conditions. Borup Fiord Pass represents a useful testing ground for instruments and techniques relevant to future astrobiological exploration at Europa.     

飞机总体设计优化中的多目标方案优选方法

飞机概念设计多目标优化的结果基本决定了飞机的总体外形。为提高多目标优化结果解集的优选效率,在多目标方案对比评价方法和可视化辅助评价支持两方面对飞机多目标方案优选方法进行了研究。首先在研究了线性加权和法及欧氏加权距离法的基础上,提出了体现具体目标对比的基于等效多边形的等效面积评价法,并进行了改进。其次,采用量化指标初选与可视化目标对比及方案模型可视化精选相结合的方式,在概念设计平台上实现了多目标方案优选方法。最后在轻型战斗机概念方案多目标优化实例中利用提出的优选方法对优化非劣解集进行了优选,结果验证了可视化辅助评价支持的优选方法方便快速获取满意方案的有效性。