Subspace array processing for the suppression of FM jamming in GPS receivers

The mitigation of FM interference in GPS receivers is considered. In difference to commonly assumed wideband and narrowband interferers, the FM interferers are wideband, but instantaneously narrowband, and as such, have clear time-frequency (TF) signatures that are distinct from the GPS coarse acquisition (C/A) spread spectrum code. In the proposed technique, the estimate of the FM interference instantaneous frequency (IF) and the interference spatial signature are used to construct the spatiotemporal interference subspace. The IF estimates can be provided using existing effective linear or bilinear TF methods. The undesired signal arrival is suppressed by projecting the input data on the interference orthogonal subspace. With a multisensor receiver, the distinctions in both the spatial and TF signatures of signal arrivals allow effective interference suppressions. The deterministic nature of the signal model is considered and the known underlying structure of the GPS C/A code is utilized. We derive the receiver signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) under exact and perturbed IF values. The effect of IF estimation errors on both pseudorange measurements and navigation data recovery is analyzed. Simulation results comparing the receiver performances under IF errors in single and multiantenna GPS receivers are provided.     

Optimum Steady State Position, Velocity, and Acceleration Estimation Using Noisy Sampled Position Data

A one-dimensional tracking filter based on the Kalman filtering techniques for tracking of a dynamic target such as an aircraft is discussed. The target is assumed to be moving with constant acceleration and is acted upon by a plant noise which perturbs its constant acceleration motion. The plant noise accounts for maneuvers and/or other random factors. Analytical results for estimating optimum steady state position, velocity, and acceleration of the target are obtained.     

Design of a Correlator for Real-Time Video Comparisons

The problem of locating a reference image within a larger image using a correlation technique is discussed. Although the particular application discussed is that of locating a reference image obtained from one video sensor or a photograph, within the larger field of view obtained from a second video sensor in real time (i.e., at the TV field rate), the results are general and useful for a number of applications. The tradeoffs necessary to obtain real time correlat are discussed and their effect on correlation accuracy is given.     

Temporal decorrelation of X-band backscatter from wind-influencedvegetation

The temporal decorrelation characteristics of X-band radar backscatter from wind-influenced vegetation were investigated using a short-range CW radar. Radar reflectance data were gathered on various types of individual trees from a distance of approximately 30 m. The windspeed was monitored during each measurement, which lasted 5 s. The crown cover and the mean leaf area of the trees were also recorded. Autocovariance plots were generated for each measurement, from which the decorrelation time was estimated. As expected, the return signals decorrelated faster at higher wind speeds. However, the decorrelation time was also found to depend on the tree type, tree structure, and leaf cover characteristics. Measured decorrelation times for moderate winds (7-9 m/s) were often between 40-60 ms, although the lowest decorrelation time measured under these conditions was 14 ms for the Eastern Cottonwood. In lighter winds (1-4 m/s), decorrelation times were much longer, and there was substantial spread in the data     

Stable mid-latitude red arcs: Observations and theory

Summary The observational features of the arc are fairly well established. At present, the thermal conduction model appears to explain the red arc features most consistently, but it must be noted that a soft electron flux would give very similar results. Ion temperature measurements in the vicinity of an arc, which should be forthcoming in the very near future, can establish conclusively whether transverse electric fields play any important role in the formation of the arcs. Accepting the assumption that the arcs are the result of energy flowing down from the plasmasphere, the major remaining question is: where does the energy come from and how does it get into the plasmasphere? The various proposed mechanisms discussed in the previous chapter appear feasible, but much work needs to be done before this problem is completely resolved.On leave from the Department of Electrical Engineering, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.The National Center for Atmospheric Research is sponsored by the National Science Foundation.     

一种新的射频仿真目标位置控制方法与软件研究

针对射频目标仿真系统中目标位置的控制,本文通过对国内外目标位置控制的常用方法进行研究,提出一种新的通用目标位置控制方法,该方法适用于任何天线分布的面阵。利用这种新的方法编写了基于三元阵天线阵面的射频仿真目标位置控制软件,实现对多目标在天线阵面上多种轨迹运动下的高速准确的定位,并能实时监视目标的运动状态和运动轨迹。