基于多值决策图的温储备系统可靠性建模方法

温储备系统是冷储备与热储备系统的推广,在实际中有广泛应用。针对不可修温储备系统的可靠性建模问题,已有基于多值决策图(MDD)的系统可靠性建模方法。该方法以系统中的单元故障为建模对象,分别构建故障级MDD与系统级MDD,进而获得系统可靠度的解析表达式。然而,该表达式中不同维度积分相互混杂,计算给定时刻的系统可靠度需要首先梳理系统可靠度的表达式,以利用数值方法求解其中的积分。为实现系统可靠度的程序化计算,在已有研究基础上提出将系统级MDD按故障数分解为一系列子决策图,通过对MDD中边的概率重新赋值获得每一子决策图的发生概率,得到系统可靠度的规范形式,形成一套完整的系统可靠度计算方法。      

利于减少配平损失的太阳能飞机构型设计

针对具有静稳定性的太阳能飞机一般采用尾翼配平造成气动配平损失的问题,提出了一种“T”构型太阳能飞机。概述该太阳能飞机的总体构型,分析该构型飞机巡航状态下降低重心的自配平原理,建立能量平衡和质量分析模型,给出适合于该构型太阳能飞机的概念设计方法,并优化构型设计参数。结果表明,“T”构型太阳能飞机不仅具有静稳定性,还降低了配平损失。在巡航状态下,“T”构型太阳能飞机单位面积平飞需用功率比常规构型太阳能飞机减少了6.2%,具有明显的应用效果。      

深空环境下热防护材料的研究及应用进展

随着对太空探索的深入,空间飞行器所面临的环境也越趋恶劣:太空飞行过程中的高温羽流防护,高速返回再入过程中高温气动加热;长时间日光下飞行会使飞行器表面温度越来越高;一些星球上高温的大气环境导致人类现有制造飞行器的材料无法抵挡。本文搜集国内外先进热防护系统研究资料,了解重点发展方向,介绍了我国神舟飞船热防护材料以及已经开发出的新型轻质高效热防护材料,为我国今后用于恶劣环境下的飞行器材料提供一些信息和材料基础。     

细长旋成体大迎角绕流中的头涡与卡门涡的脉动压力特性

在迎角很大时细长旋成体背部流场沿轴向通常有两个截然不同的区域,其中卡门涡脱落区域位于后体,而头涡区域靠近旋成体头部。为了寻求两者的区别与联系,在两个风洞中分别用两个细长体模型进行测压和流动显示实验,得到了沿旋成体轴向不同区域的压力脉动特征,即头涡的脉动幅度相对卡门涡较大,而频谱峰频率则较低,而且随着迎角的进一步增大,头涡区会完全消失。     

大迎角细长体头涡结构演变的非定常现象研究

细长旋成体绕流中位于尖部附近的一对头涡在迎角增至一定程度时,会表现出很强的非定常特征,而此时后体上为类卡门涡脱落区域。为了寻找这对头涡的非定常特征随迎角变化的规律,在两个风洞中分别用两个细长体模型进行测压和流动显示实验,得到了在很大迎角下旋成体头涡的脉动频率随迎角基本呈线性变化的规律,而后体上的卡门涡脱落频率则与迎角的正弦值成正比。     

航空电子设备NSEE试验评价方法

本文定义了航空电子设备大气中子单粒子效应(NSEE)硬失效、硬错误与软错误等大气中子辐射可靠性表征参数,提出了一套航空电子设备抗大气中子单粒子效应危害能力的试验评价方法,包括试验应力终止条件与起始条件的确定方法、M_NSEE预估方法、试验程序、试验评价方法等,并通过某航空用卫星导航接收机试验案例证明了该方法在工程应用中的可操作性与有效性,通过掌握数字信号处理(DSP)、静态随机存储器(SRAM)、现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)的NSEE敏感特性,可为航空用卫星导航接收机NSEE危害防控提供针对性的技术支持.本文为我国航空电子产品大气中子单粒子效应试验评价奠定了理论与应用基础,同时也为其他电子信息产品在大气中子单粒子效应试验评价方面提供了重要依据和参考.      

Remote upgrading of a space-borne instrument

The main purposes of experiment “Obstanovka” (“Environment” in Russian) consisting of several instruments are to measure a set of electromagnetic and plasma phenomena characterizing the space weather conditions, and to evaluate how such a big and highly energy consuming body as the International Space Station disturbs the surrounding plasma, and how the station itself is charged due to the operation of so many instruments, solar batteries, life supporting devices, etc. Two identical Langmuir electrostatic probes are included in the experiment “Obstanovka”. In this paper the Langmuir probes for “Obstanovka” experiment are described, including the choice of geometry (spherical or cylindrical), a more reliable method for the sweep voltage generation, an adaptive algorithm for the probe’s operation. Special attention is paid to the possibility for remote upgrading of the instrument from the ground using the standard communication channels.     

Using the radial basis function neural network to predict ionospheric critical frequency of F2 layer over Wuhan

Neural networks (NNs) have been applied to ionospheric predictions recently. This paper uses radial basis function neural network (RBF-NN) to forecast hourly values of the ionospheric F₂ layer critical frequency(f_oF₂), over Wuhan (30.5N, 114.3E), China. The false nearest neighbor method is used to determine the embedding dimension, and the principal component analysis (PCA) is used to reduce noise and dimension. The whole study is based on a sample of about 26,000 observations of f_oF₂ with 1-h time resolution, derived during the period from January 1981 to December 1983. The performance of RBF-NN is estimated by calculating the normalized root-mean-squared (NRMSE) error, and its results show that short-term predictions of f_oF₂ are improved.     

Survival and death of the haloarchaeon Natronorubrum strain HG-1 in a simulated martian environment

Halophilic archaea are of interest to astrobiology due to their survival capabilities in desiccated and high salt environments. The detection of remnants of salty pools on Mars stimulated investigations into the response of haloarchaea to martian conditions. Natronorubrum sp. strain HG-1 is an extremely halophilic archaeon with unusual metabolic pathways, growing on acetate and stimulated by tetrathionate. We exposed Natronorubrum strain HG-1 to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, similar to levels currently prevalent on Mars. In addition, the effects of low temperature (4, −20, and −80 °C), desiccation, and exposure to a Mars soil analogue from the Atacama desert on the viability of Natronorubrum strain HG-1 cultures were investigated. The results show that Natronorubrum strain HG-1 cannot survive for more than several hours when exposed to UV radiation equivalent to that at the martian equator. Even when protected from UV radiation, viability is impaired by a combination of desiccation and low temperature. Desiccating Natronorubrum strain HG-1 cells when mixed with a Mars soil analogue impaired growth of the culture to below the detection limit. Overall, we conclude that Natronorubrum strain HG-1 cannot survive the environment currently present on Mars. Since other halophilic microorganisms were reported to survive simulated martian conditions, our results imply that survival capabilities are not necessarily shared between phylogenetically related species.