无需热压罐的复合材料维修方案

修理罐的发明 很多复合材料结构的修理都能使用热补仪和真空产生的压力来完成,然而,也有很多修理根据结构维修手册(SRM)的要求需要使用高达344.7kPa的正压力才能完成.仅仅使用抽真空产生的压力已经无法达到SRM的要求.     

2001年9月15日Cluster卫星对电流片的观测研究

2001年9月15日0430-0515 UT期间,Cluster卫星多次穿越磁尾电流片.由FGM、CIS等仪器获得了电流片磁场,粒子速度等数据变化情况,并得到了磁尾高速流的两次明显反转.本文采用GSM坐标系.利用求磁场空间梯度张量的方法获得了越尾电流,其电流密度的峰值为28nA/m2.并对电流片在垂直方向上的摆动和在晨昏方向的波动现象进行了分析.数据显示此时电流片为薄电流片并有一个变薄的趋势,其厚度大约为0.2-0.3 Re.磁场重联时地向流与尾向流均超过了1000 km/s,并测得了电流片的法线方向和运动速度,从而得到了磁尾电流片的结构和运动情况.      

Whole lichen thalli survive exposure to space conditions: results of Lithopanspermia experiment with Aspicilia fruticulosa

The Lithopanspermia space experiment was launched in 2007 with the European Biopan facility for a 10-day spaceflight on board a Russian Foton retrievable satellite. Lithopanspermia included for the first time the vagrant lichen species Aspicilia fruticulosa from Guadalajara steppic highlands (Central Spain), as well as other lichen species. During spaceflight, the samples were exposed to selected space conditions, that is, the space vacuum, cosmic radiation, and different spectral ranges of solar radiation (λ?≥?110, ≥200, ≥290, or ≥400?nm, respectively). After retrieval, the algal and fungal metabolic integrity of the samples were evaluated in terms of chlorophyll a fluorescence, ultrastructure, and CO(2) exchange rates. Whereas the space vacuum and cosmic radiation did not impair the metabolic activity of the lichens, solar electromagnetic radiation, especially in the wavelength range between 100 and 200?nm, caused reduced chlorophyll a yield fluorescence; however, there was a complete recovery after 72?h of reactivation. All samples showed positive rates of net photosynthesis and dark respiration in the gas exchange experiment. Although the ultrastructure of all flight samples showed some probable stress-induced changes (such as the presence of electron-dense bodies in cytoplasmic vacuoles and between the chloroplast thylakoids in photobiont cells as well as in cytoplasmic vacuoles of the mycobiont cells), we concluded that A. fruticulosa was capable of repairing all space-induced damage. Due to size limitations within the Lithopanspermia hardware, the possibility for replication on the sun-exposed samples was limited, and these first results on the resistance of the lichen symbiosis A. fruticulosa to space conditions and, in particular, on the spectral effectiveness of solar extraterrestrial radiation must be considered preliminary. Further testing in space and under space-simulated conditions will be required. Results of this study indicate that the quest to discern the limits of lichen symbiosis resistance to extreme environmental conditions remains open.     

Resistance of bacterial endospores to outer space for planetary protection purposes--experiment PROTECT of the EXPOSE-E mission

Spore-forming bacteria are of particular concern in the context of planetary protection because their tough endospores may withstand certain sterilization procedures as well as the harsh environments of outer space or planetary surfaces. To test their hardiness on a hypothetical mission to Mars, spores of Bacillus subtilis 168 and Bacillus pumilus SAFR-032 were exposed for 1.5 years to selected parameters of space in the experiment PROTECT during the EXPOSE-E mission on board the International Space Station. Mounted as dry layers on spacecraft-qualified aluminum coupons, the "trip to Mars" spores experienced space vacuum, cosmic and extraterrestrial solar radiation, and temperature fluctuations, whereas the "stay on Mars" spores were subjected to a simulated martian environment that included atmospheric pressure and composition, and UV and cosmic radiation. The survival of spores from both assays was determined after retrieval. It was clearly shown that solar extraterrestrial UV radiation (λ≥110?nm) as well as the martian UV spectrum (λ≥200?nm) was the most deleterious factor applied; in some samples only a few survivors were recovered from spores exposed in monolayers. Spores in multilayers survived better by several orders of magnitude. All other environmental parameters encountered by the "trip to Mars" or "stay on Mars" spores did little harm to the spores, which showed about 50% survival or more. The data demonstrate the high chance of survival of spores on a Mars mission, if protected against solar irradiation. These results will have implications for planetary protection considerations.     

Separation of bacterial cells by free flow electrophoresis under microgravity: a result of the SpaceLab-Japan project on Space Shuttle flight STS-47

We demonstrated free flow electrophoresis (FFE) of charged cells under microgravity, where gravitational effects are almost eliminated. Separation of a mixture of three bacterial strains (mutants of Salmonella typhimurium LT2) by FFE was conducted on NASA Space Shuttle flight STS-47 (September 1992). The experiment was designed to differentiate three strains having different lipopolysaccharide core structures in the cell membrane. The results were compared to those of ground experiments, in order to examine whether or not FFE in a weightless environment provides distinct advantages. Smooth strain SL1027 and rough strain SL3749 migrated to two separated fractions. The quality (viability) and the yields of the separated samples were sufficient to show the advantage of microgravity. Another rough strain, SL1102, exhibited unexpected electrophoretic behavior, which prevented the complete resolution of the three strains. All the strains were recovered as viable cells after 8 days of flight. The present study suggests that electrophoretic separation of bacterial cells is much more effective under microgravity conditions with relatively good resolution in comparison with the ground operation.     

ON THE CONSTRUCTION OF A JACOBI MATRIX FROM ITS SPECTRUM AND A SUBMATRIX

ＯＮＴＨＥＣＯＮＳＴＲＵＣＴＩＯＮＯＦＡＪＡＣＯＢＩＭＡＴＲＩＸＦＲＯＭＩＴＳＳＰＥＣＴＲＵＭＡＮＤＡＳＵＢＭＡＴＲＩＸＤａｉＨｕａ（ＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＡｐｐｌｉｅｄＭａｔｈｅｍａｔｉｃｓ，Ｐｈｙｓｉｃｓ＆Ｍｅｃｈａｎｉｃｓ，ＮＵＡＡ２９Ｙｕｄ...     

单板ATAC分布式处理机

本文介绍了应用技术公司(Applied Tecknologe)在一个单插入模块上制造硬件最少的300 kop 处理机,bk存储器和1553兼容远程终端的方法。这种应用方法是航空电子设备类型的分布式处理。完成对处理机设计的详细情况是根据减少硬件而对其性能影响最小这一点来进行描述的,制造单板存储器和1553接口的详细情况也一并介绍。     

在河口环流数值模型中的三次样条方法

本文为描述速度和盐度沿河口的分布规律,而发展了二元横向积分的数值模型。表示质量守恒、动量守恒和含盐量或热容量的主管方程,采用样条函数和有限差分方法相结合进行求解。估计了对流项对速度和盐度分布的影响。 本模型已应用于詹姆斯湾(Jams Bay)区域的大鲸河(the Great Whale River)河口和小鲸河(the Little Whale River)河口的环流计算。本中介绍了模拟结果,并与现有实测数据作了比较。研究了计算模型对影响垂直扩散的不同层化参数值的敏感性,提供了一些初步结果。 在计算水力学中采用三次样条公式,证实是有前途的,值得进一步发展。     

空间观测带来的新问题

文中简要评述了除美国和前苏联以外的一些国家现有的和已规划的空间观测能力,讨论了可能对美军陆上军事行动产生的影响。     

机载自适应动目标显示雷达旁视和前视雷达的比较

运动的雷达所接收到的杂波回波会产生降低慢动目标的检测能力的多普勒带宽。采用间接地雷达平台运动进行补偿的自适应空时杂波滤波器，可以克服这种多普勒频散效应。为了应用空时处理，要求有一个多通道的天线。