未填充氯丁胶与黄铜粘接性能的研究

本文研究了未填充氯丁胶WRT的硫化特性和应力——应变特性,并研究分析了试验温度和速度对未填充氯丁胶与黄铜粘接性能的影响。结果表明,对于配方中不加硫磺的样品,在各种温度和速度下的破坏能Gi值可以应用WLF方程进行变换,并得到一条平滑的组合曲线。然而在足够高的速度下,出现一条不连续的线段,这可能是由于橡胶在较高应力下诱导结晶所至。对于配方中加硫磺的样品,当试验温度升至60℃时,会出现一个从界面破坏到内聚力破坏的转变现象。文中也解释了橡胶配方中不含硫磺样品和只含少量硫磺样品中Gi与温度关系之间所出现的完全不同的行为。     

石墨/环氧凯夫拉49纤维/环氧及混杂纤维复合材料的复合应力特性

为了表征纤维/环氧复合材料在复合应力作用下的力学性能,进行了一项实验研究。试样有两种:圆管和带有封头的圆筒形压力容器。它们均采用螺旋/环向(±α,90°)缠绕成型。本研究还分别对AS_4石墨纤维、凯夫拉纤维以及这两种混杂纤维/环氧迭层材料进行了试验。为了测定材料平面内力学性能,圆管试样承受了内压和超轴向载荷的作用。在与圆管试样对应的内压下,对压力容器也进行了试验,然后再做爆破试验以确定材料的极限强度。为了表征材料的时间相关特性,对试样进行了室温蠕变和回复试验。     

用于下一代X波段T／R模块的20WGaN高功率放大器（HPAs）

用于未来X波段有源相控阵天线的下一代T／R模块的高功率放大器是在新型AlGaN／GaNHEMT结构的底板上实现的，该HEMT结构外延形成于Sil晶片基板上。设计和实现了作为发射链关键元件的混合和单片集成电路。 在混合电路设计基础上，可实现23W（436dBm）的最佳峰值功率电平及29％的相应功率增加效率（PAE）。在2GHz（X波段）的带宽范围内输出功率电平大于20W。 在一种更为复杂的方法中，采用新型通孔微带技术首先设计、仿真并制作了单片微波集成电路（MMICs）。在12mm^2的小型芯片上测量出了20W（43dBm）的输出功率电平以及30％的相应PAE。获得了高达36．5％的最大功率增加效率值。     

Temperature and moisture conditions for life in the extreme arid region of the Atacama desert: four years of observations including the El Niño of 1997-1998

The Atacama along the Pacific Coast of Chile and Peru is one of the driest and possibly oldest deserts in the world. It represents an extreme habitat for life on Earth and is an analog for life in dry conditions on Mars. We report on four years (September 1994-October 1998) of climate and moisture data from the extreme arid region of the Atacama. Our data are focused on understanding moisture sources and their role in creating suitable environments for photosynthetic microorganisms in the desert surface. The average air temperature was 16.5 degrees C and 16.6 degrees C in 1995 and 1996, respectively. The maximum air temperature recorded was 37.9 degrees C, and the minimum was -5.7 degrees C. Annual average sunlight was 336 and 335 W m(-2) in 1995 and 1996, respectively. Winds averaged a few meters per second, with strong f?hn winds coming from the west exceeding 12 m s(-1). During our 4 years of observation there was only one significant rain event of 2.3 mm, which occurred near midnight local time. We suggest that this event was a rainout of a heavy fog. It is of interest that the strong El Ni?o of 1997-1998 brought heavy rainfall to the deserts of Peru, but did not bring significant rain to the central Atacama in Chile. Dew occurred at our station frequently following high nighttime relative humidity, but is not a significant source of moisture in the soil or under stones. Groundwater also does not contribute to surface moisture. Only the one rain event of 2.3 mm resulted in liquid water in the soil and beneath stones for a total of only 65-85 h over 4 years. The paucity of liquid water under stones is consistent with the apparent absence of hypolithic (under-stone) cyanobacteria, the only known primary producers in such extreme deserts.     

用于相位保存扫描模式SAR成像的基于SPECAN法的Chirp z变换

推导了扫描模式合成孔径雷达（ScanSAR）的时域图像脉冲响应，着重进行了相位分析。相位对某些应用（尤其是对干涉ScnSAR系统）很重要。提出了一种新的、用于ScanSAR数据相位保存方位聚集的算法，它扩展的基本的谱分析方法。文中提出的算法通过在频谱分析中采用适当的Chirp z变换替代标准傅里叶变换，避免了获得恒定方位像素间隔所需的内插步骤。讨论了改进型谱分析算法与标准距离－多谱勒方法之间的关系。为了验证文中的理论，针对实际数据和模拟数据进行了实验。     

飞行测量和RCS的预测：对波音737机身侧部的雷达距离轮廓所做的比较

在实际测量中无法获取测量值时，确定雷达横截面预测技术是获取预测值可靠２性的关键。文中首次给出了对一维图像即雷达距离轮廓所做的比较结果。     

推进剂的破坏:一种断裂力学方法

双基(硝化纤维/硝化甘油)推进剂,在裂纹增长开始时的应力强度因子 Kc 的值业已测出。这个 Kc 值随温度下降而增加,随着速率的增大而上升,符合粘弹材料的 WLF 方程(Williams—Landel—Ferry relaction)。Kc 值也和试样的厚度有关。本文讨论了裂纹扩展的微观机理,并在推进剂的断裂特性和它的粘弹性及塑性变形特性之间建立了某些关系。     

Catecholamines and their enzymes in discrete brain areas of rats after space flight on biosatellites Cosmos

The activity of the catecholaminergic system was measured in the hypothalamus of rats which had experienced an 18.5-19.5-day-long stay in the state of weightlessness during space flights on board Soviet biosatellites of the type Cosmos. In the first two experiments, Cosmos 782 and 936, the concentration of norepinephrine and the activities of synthesizing enzymes tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine-beta-hydroxylase and of the degrading enzyme monoamine oxidase were measured in the total hypothalamus. None of the given parameters was changed after space flight. In the light of the changes of these parameters recorded after exposure to acute stress on Earth, this finding indicates that long-term state of weightlessness does not represent an intensive stressogenic stimulus for the system studied. In the space experiment Cosmos 1129, the concentration of norepinephrine, epinephrine, and dopamine was studied in isolated nuclei of the hypothalamus of rats within 6-10 hr following return from space. Norepinephrine was found to be significantly reduced in the arcuate nucleus, median eminence and periventricular nucleus, epinephrine in the median eminence, periventricular and suprachiasmatic nuclei, whereas dopamine was not significantly changed after space flight. The decreased catecholamine levels found in some hypothalamic nuclei of rats which had undergone space flight indicate that no chronic intensive stressor could have acted during the flight, otherwise the catecholamine concentration would have been increased in the nuclei. The decreased levels must have been induced by the effect of a stressogenic factor acting for a short time only, and that either during the landing maneuver or immediately after landing. Thus long-term exposure of the organism to the state of weightlessness does not represent a stressogenic stimulus for the catecholaminergic system in the hypothalamus, which is one of the regulators of the activation of neuroendocrine reactions under stress.