空间宽视场海洋观测系统

对地观测卫星公司(EOSAT)是陆地卫星系统的商业经营者,它致力于从空间对地遥感。这种商业经营管理的最终目标不仅在于为现有卫星数据进行市场开发,而且还要具有向遥感用户引入先进技术和新的数据的能力。 根据市场分析和早期技术设计比较评定的结果,EOSAT公司已将重点放在海洋宽视场遥感器(SeaWiFS)上了。目前的计划是准备将它放在陆地卫星6上使用,于1990年发射。用这台仪器收集的数据,对于从事研完的科学家或国家的及民间的商业和使用用户都是适用的。更明确地说,就是该仪器可以提供海色和海面温度的数据。因此EOSAT公司相信,这些数据对于陆地上的应用也会有用的。该遥感器的基本点是提供每天的覆盖(在赤道上),有1km的分辨率,在近红外(VNIR)区域提供6个谱段,在长皮红外(LNIR)区域提供2个谱段。 鉴于这些早期努力的结果,EOSAT和美国航宇局于1987年2日组建了一个工作组,以确定海洋遥感器用户的要求,该工作组包括科学家、研究人员、商业和使用人员以及系统执行人员。工作组的职责就是要为SeaWiFS任务拟订下列系统全面的要求: 1)科学或研究用户的要求; 2)商业和使用用户的要求; 3)遥感器规格; 4)数据下行线路和数据格式; 5)输出的产品; 6)任务使用说明书; 7)数据传输和数据存取程序。 本文介绍该工作组的工     

LND两年月表辐射剂量测量结果

月球表面的辐射剂量是影响航天员安全和月表驻留时间的重要参数,通过对月表的粒子辐射测量可以为航天员的辐射安全防护提供重要依据.利用嫦娥四号着陆器上搭载的月表中子与辐射剂量探测仪二年的观测数据得到:月表粒子辐射在硅中的平均总吸收剂量率为12.66±0.45μGy·h-1,中性粒子吸收剂量率为2.67±0.16μGy·h-1.辐射剂量率随时间出现缓慢的下降,LET谱的变化则很小.同时观测到了2020年12月太阳活动末期由于银河宇宙线福布斯下降导致的辐射剂量率降低.      

欧空局公布新的五年航天计划

欧空局公布新的五年航天计划□□欧空局管理委员会已于１９９８年３月２４日～２５日批准了１９９９年～２００３年的五年航天发展计划，该计划旨在加强欧洲在航天运载系统、地球观测和空间通信领域的地位，并为欧洲进入卫星导航领域铺平道路。在该计划实施过程中将与工业...     

跟踪和数据中继卫星系统的地面部分

简介跟踪和数据中继卫星系统(TDRSS)地西部分是一套高度复杂的自动通信设备,具有处理多种通信信号的能力,以满足许多用户卫星的各不相同的需求,它能同时满足28颗用户星提出的各种要求。本文补充前几篇文章,介绍了地面部分的功能及实现这些功能的硬设备。本文介绍了与本系统四颗中继卫星构成通信通道所需的七部天线。本文还介绍了正向     

Simulation by personal workstation for man-machine interface design

This paper presents a simulation tool which has been developed for Man-Machine interface (MMI) design study, in the context of the European EVA Space Suit System development, under contract of ESA/ESTEC. The main new point is that this simulation is based on a personal workstation, and not on a heavy real-time computer, as in most simulation centres. It will be used in ESTEC to perform low cost simulations of the front part of a manned system, to improve and develop MMI with efficiency.     

装有重新设计燃料泵的YLR87-AJ-5火箭发动机涡轮泵瞬态试验及有关推进设备

试验目的已经达到了。两次试验是以抽吸侧脉动情况下作的,另一次试验是在排泄侧脉动情况下作的。重新设计燃料泵瞬态试验结果与产品燃料泵试验结果作了比较。从分析大力神Ⅱ纵向振动有关参数和减少纵向振动角度来看,比较起来,重新设计的泵显示出此产品泵有更显著的优越性。分析采用重新设计燃料泵对总系统的影响时,必须联系氧化剂系统。     

SOLUTION OF 3-D TURBULENCE NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS USING HYBRID GRIDS

INTRODUCTIONWith the development of computer,consid-erable process has been made in the developmentof numerical methods for the solution of Navier-Stokes equations.However,most of these me-thods are impractical for complicated flows in adesign environment.The primary reason is thatwe can′t generate a suitable mesh easily for acomplicated configuration.Although there aremany techniques,such as structured grid or un-structured grid,which have been successfullyused for numerical simulation…     

孔、轮廓和表面(十二) 第八章 座标磨削的原理和应用(一)

座标镗床,用于未淬火材料的孔加工是胜任、有效的,但对淬火材料的加工,却无能为力,这是一个急待解决的关键问题。鉴于需要一种能按尺寸进行精密定位和磨孔的手段,摩尔于1940年首先发明了座标磨床。座标磨床是利用座标镗床已有的直线位置控制原理,再加上行星磨削而形成的。由此引     

孔、轮廓和表面(四) 第三章 精度的基础(二)

丝杠或测微螺旋标准——人们希求有一种长度标准,既能用于无级微小增量分度,又能用于测量和位置控制。采用精密螺旋,是这种探索的自然结果。因为只有精密螺旋能够全部满足这种要求。它兼有静态和动态两种测量效     

Carbonaceous cherts in the Barberton greenstone belt and their significance for the study of early life in the Archean record

The 3.5-3.2 Ga old volcano-sedimentary succession of the Barberton greenstone belt (South Africa) is characterized by lithological units that are repeated in a regular manner. Komatiitic, basaltic, and dacitic volcanic and volcaniclastic sequences are capped by zones of silica enrichment, followed by bedded carbonaceous cherts. Stratiform and crosscutting carbonaceous chert veins are common in silica alteration zones and bedded cherts. A detailed field study of several chert horizons and chert veins that range in age from 3.47 to 3.30 Ga revealed the importance of syndepositional hydrothermal activity for their origin. Bedded cherts consist of silicified detrital and tuffaceous sediments that were deposited on the seafloor. Silicification took place at the sediment-water interface as a result of diffuse upflow of low-temperature hydrothermal fluids, which gave rise to the formation of impermeable chert caps. Fluid overpressure resulted in the breaching of the cap rocks at times. Chert veins contain angular host rock fragments, replace wall rocks, and show evidence of multiple vein fillings and in situ brecciation of earlier generations of vein fillings. They represent hydraulic fractures that were initiated by overpressuring of the hydrothermal system. The vein networks were infilled, partly by hydrothermal chert precipitates, and partly by still unconsolidated (not yet silicified) sedimentary material derived from overlying sedimentary horizons. Field, petrographic, isotopic, and trace element evidence indicate that most carbonaceous matter represents sedimentary material that originated by biogenic processes in the Archean oceans and not by hydrothermal processes in the subsurface.