装有重新设计燃料泵的YLR87-AJ-5火箭发动机涡轮泵瞬态试验及有关推进设备

试验目的已经达到了。两次试验是以抽吸侧脉动情况下作的,另一次试验是在排泄侧脉动情况下作的。重新设计燃料泵瞬态试验结果与产品燃料泵试验结果作了比较。从分析大力神Ⅱ纵向振动有关参数和减少纵向振动角度来看,比较起来,重新设计的泵显示出此产品泵有更显著的优越性。分析采用重新设计燃料泵对总系统的影响时,必须联系氧化剂系统。     

SOLUTION OF 3-D TURBULENCE NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS USING HYBRID GRIDS

INTRODUCTIONWith the development of computer,consid-erable process has been made in the developmentof numerical methods for the solution of Navier-Stokes equations.However,most of these me-thods are impractical for complicated flows in adesign environment.The primary reason is thatwe can′t generate a suitable mesh easily for acomplicated configuration.Although there aremany techniques,such as structured grid or un-structured grid,which have been successfullyused for numerical simulation…     

孔、轮廓和表面(十二) 第八章 座标磨削的原理和应用(一)

座标镗床,用于未淬火材料的孔加工是胜任、有效的,但对淬火材料的加工,却无能为力,这是一个急待解决的关键问题。鉴于需要一种能按尺寸进行精密定位和磨孔的手段,摩尔于1940年首先发明了座标磨床。座标磨床是利用座标镗床已有的直线位置控制原理,再加上行星磨削而形成的。由此引     

孔、轮廓和表面(四) 第三章 精度的基础(二)

丝杠或测微螺旋标准——人们希求有一种长度标准,既能用于无级微小增量分度,又能用于测量和位置控制。采用精密螺旋,是这种探索的自然结果。因为只有精密螺旋能够全部满足这种要求。它兼有静态和动态两种测量效     

Carbonaceous cherts in the Barberton greenstone belt and their significance for the study of early life in the Archean record

The 3.5-3.2 Ga old volcano-sedimentary succession of the Barberton greenstone belt (South Africa) is characterized by lithological units that are repeated in a regular manner. Komatiitic, basaltic, and dacitic volcanic and volcaniclastic sequences are capped by zones of silica enrichment, followed by bedded carbonaceous cherts. Stratiform and crosscutting carbonaceous chert veins are common in silica alteration zones and bedded cherts. A detailed field study of several chert horizons and chert veins that range in age from 3.47 to 3.30 Ga revealed the importance of syndepositional hydrothermal activity for their origin. Bedded cherts consist of silicified detrital and tuffaceous sediments that were deposited on the seafloor. Silicification took place at the sediment-water interface as a result of diffuse upflow of low-temperature hydrothermal fluids, which gave rise to the formation of impermeable chert caps. Fluid overpressure resulted in the breaching of the cap rocks at times. Chert veins contain angular host rock fragments, replace wall rocks, and show evidence of multiple vein fillings and in situ brecciation of earlier generations of vein fillings. They represent hydraulic fractures that were initiated by overpressuring of the hydrothermal system. The vein networks were infilled, partly by hydrothermal chert precipitates, and partly by still unconsolidated (not yet silicified) sedimentary material derived from overlying sedimentary horizons. Field, petrographic, isotopic, and trace element evidence indicate that most carbonaceous matter represents sedimentary material that originated by biogenic processes in the Archean oceans and not by hydrothermal processes in the subsurface.     

Lichens survive in space: results from the 2005 LICHENS experiment

This experiment was aimed at establishing, for the first time, the survival capability of lichens exposed to space conditions. In particular, the damaging effect of various wavelengths of extraterrestrial solar UV radiation was studied. The lichens used were the bipolar species Rhizocarpon geographicum and Xanthoria elegans, which were collected above 2000 m in the mountains of central Spain and as endolithic communities inhabiting granites in the Antarctic Dry Valleys. Lichens were exposed to space in the BIOPAN-5 facility of the European Space Agency; BIOPAN-5 is located on the outer shell of the Earth-orbiting FOTON-M2 Russian satellite. The lichen samples were launched from Baikonur by a Soyuz rocket on May 31, 2005, and were returned to Earth after 16 days in space, at which time they were tested for survival. Chlorophyll fluorescence was used for the measurement of photosynthetic parameters. Scanning electron microscopy in back-scattered mode, low temperature scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy were used to study the organization and composition of both symbionts. Confocal laser scanning microscopy, in combination with the use of specific fluorescent probes, allowed for the assessment of the physiological state of the cells. All exposed lichens, regardless of the optical filters used, showed nearly the same photosynthetic activity after the flight as measured before the flight. Likewise, the multimicroscopy approach revealed no detectable ultrastructural changes in most of the algal and fungal cells of the lichen thalli, though a greater proportion of cells in the flight samples had compromised membranes, as revealed by the LIVE/DEAD BacLight Bacterial Viability Kit. These findings indicate that most lichenized fungal and algal cells can survive in space after full exposure to massive UV and cosmic radiation, conditions proven to be lethal to bacteria and other microorganisms. The lichen upper cortex seems to provide adequate protection against solar radiation. Moreover, after extreme dehydration induced by high vacuum, the lichens proved to be able to recover, in full, their metabolic activity within 24 hours.     

光纤陀螺中保偏光纤60 Co辐照效应及光褪色特性

从光纤陀螺空间应用的角度出发,利用60Co辐照源模拟空间辐照,对光纤陀螺中的主要部件保偏光纤环进行了不同剂量率的辐照实验,得到了保偏光纤的辐照效应.并且利用大功率半导体激光器对保偏光纤环进行了光褪色实验.实验证明,辐照条件下,保偏光纤损耗增加;剂量率越大,损耗增加越快;总剂量越大,损耗越大;采用大功率半导体激光器对保偏光纤环进行光褪色,可以减缓辐照环境下光纤的损耗增加量,而且激光器功率越大,光褪色效果越明显,可将其用到光纤陀螺中作为其空间应用的抗辐射加固措施.      

A numerical optimization of high altitude testing facility for wind tunnel experiments

High altitude test facilities are required to test the high area ratio nozzles operating at the upper stages of rocket in the nozzle full flow conditions.It is typically achieved by creating the ambient pressure equal or less than the nozzle exit pressure.On average,air/GN2is used as active gas for ejector system that is stored in the high pressure cylinders.The wind tunnel facilities are used for conducting aerodynamic simulation experiments at/under various flow velocities and operating conditions.However,constructing both of these facilities require more laboratory space and expensive instruments.Because of this demerit,a novel scheme is implemented for conducting wind tunnel experiments by using the existing infrastructure available in the high altitude testing(HAT)facility.This article presents the details about the methods implemented for suitably modifying the sub-scale HAT facility to conduct wind tunnel experiments.Hence,the design of nozzle for required area ratio A/A*,realization of test section and the optimized configuration are focused in the present analysis.Specific insights into various rocket models including high thrust cryogenic engines and their holding mechanisms to conduct wind tunnel experiments in the HAT facility are analyzed.A detailed CFD analysis is done to propose this conversion without affecting the existing functional requirements of the HAT facility.     

Active vibration control of piezoelectric bonded smart structures using PID algorithm

Thin-walled structures are sensitive to vibrate under even very small disturbances. In order to design a suitable controller for vibration suppression of thin-walled smart structures, an electro-mechanically coupled finite element(FE) model of smart structures is developed based on first-order shear deformation(FOSD) hypothesis. Considering the vibrations generated by various disturbances, which include free and forced vibrations, a PID control is implemented to damp both the free and forced vibrations. Additionally, an LQR optimal control is applied for comparison.The implemented control strategies are validated by a piezoelectric layered smart plate under various excitations.     

The influence of microgravity on invasive growth in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

This study investigates the effects of microgravity on colony growth and the morphological transition from single cells to short invasive filaments in the model eukaryotic organism Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Two-dimensional spreading of the yeast colonies grown on semi-solid agar medium was reduced under microgravity in the Σ1278b laboratory strain but not in the CMBSESA1 industrial strain. This was supported by the Σ1278b proteome map under microgravity conditions, which revealed upregulation of proteins linked to anaerobic conditions. The Σ1278b strain showed a reduced invasive growth in the center of the yeast colony. Bud scar distribution was slightly affected, with a switch toward more random budding. Together, microgravity conditions disturb spatially programmed budding patterns and generate strain-dependent growth differences in yeast colonies on semi-solid medium.