平衡空间到模态空间的反映射模型降阶方法

针对内平衡降阶方法物理意义不清晰,平衡坐标无法由传感器直接测量的问题,文章基于柔性航天器动力学模型,提出了通过反映射实现平衡空间到模态空间的模型降阶方法。利用状态空间线性变换传递函数和特征值的不变性,通过平衡降阶模型零极点传递函数获得了与原系统相对应的特征频率,给出了平衡降阶模型与原模态子空间的映射关系,成功构造了反映射矩阵。频率响应及可控可观性分析结果显示,模态子空间降阶模型能够准确找到与原模型相匹配的状态变量,物理意义清楚,便于控制系统使用。     

Effects of Alloying Elements Ti, Cr, Al, and Hf on β-Nb5Si3 from First-principles Calculations

The energy, lattice parameters, electronic structures, and elastic constants of the intermetallic compound β-Nb₅Si₃ alloyed by Ti, Cr, Al, and Hf elements are investigated using first-principles methods based on plane-wave pseudopotential theory. From the impurity formation energy calculated, it is found that Ti, Cr, and Hf prefer to occupy the Nb_I, Nb_I, and Nb_II site, respectively, and that Al decreases the stability of β-Nb₅Si₃. Ti and Cr atoms reduce the c/a ratio of crystal lattices and Hf atom transforms the crystal lattice of β-Nb₅Si₃ from the tetragonal system to the orthorhombic system. The total state density of pure β-Nb₅Si₃ system and Ti, Cr, and Hf doped systems shows that Ti, Cr, and Hf improve the conductibility of β-Nb₅Si₃ system. The bulk modulus, shear modulus, and elastic modulus are obtained using Voight approximation equation. Ti and Cr increase the hardness and reduce the ductility of β-Nb₅Si₃. In contrast, Hf decreases the hardness and improves the ductility.     

A Criterion Based on Closed-loop Pilot-aircraft Systems for Predicting Flying Qualities

During the process of aircraft design, the mathematical model of pilot control behavior characteristics is always used to predict aircraft flying qualities (FQ). This is one of the important methods to avoid pilot-aircraft adverse coupling. In order to study the FQ criterion based on closed-loop pilot-aircraft systems, first, an experimental database is built, which includes 40 aircraft dynamics configurations and the corresponding flight simulation results. Second, the mathematical pilot models with a set of different aircraft configurations are obtained by this experimental database. Then, two FQ criteria, Neal-Smith criterion and Moscow Aviation Institute (MAI) criterion, are analyzed. And the relationship between the FQ level evaluated by actual pilot and the parameters of closed-loop pilot-aircraft systems is studied. Finally, an improved criterion of aircraft FQ is built based on the above two criteria. This new criterion is further used to predict FQ for four new aircraft dynamics configurations, and the prediction results verify its accuracy and practicability.     

基于张量的舰载机滑跃式起飞动力学建模

基于张量推导建立了舰载机起飞过程的一般数学模型。将航空母舰、飞机、飞机的前后起落架活动部分视为具有独立质量的实体,构成柔性连接的多刚体系统。用牛顿—欧拉法(N-E法)建立各个实体的动力学方程。利用张量的不变性对动力学和运动学方程进行变换,消除坐标系转换的影响,得到矩阵形式的微分方程组。这样动力学的全部计算均统一为矩阵形式。讨论了模型的封闭性,并给出了仿真结果。     

驾驶员神经网络模型与频域拟线性模型的比较研究

 针对在双通道人—机控制系统中,由于驾驶员在各通道间的注意力分配,造成操纵行为具有明显的非线性这一特性,提出了用神经网络模型进行驾驶员行为描述的新方法。通过在飞行模拟器上进行双通道控制的人—机闭环仿真实验,分别对驾驶员的神经网络模型和频域拟线性模型进行识别,并对两种模型的识别结果进行了精度分析和仿真验证。结果表明神经网络模型在更宽的频带范围内具有良好的精度,而频域拟线性模型只在低频范围内精度好,其频带范围相对较窄。这说明神经网络模型在描述驾驶员非线性行为特征方面优于传统的频域拟线性模型。     

Al合金与复合材料LID连接接头微观结构分析

通过SiC颗粒增强Al基复合材料与Al合金的液相界面扩散 (LID)连接试验 ,重点研究了连接接头区域的微观组织 ,并简要分析了接头中各元素的浓度分布情况。结果表明 ,LID连接Al基复合材料和Al合金形成的界面明显向Al合金一侧偏移 ,并且溶质原子在界面两侧分布存在明显的不对称现象。研究结果为异种材料的连接提供了重要的科学依据     

空气弹簧局部振动分析

本文在对试验结果和试验现象进行综合分析的基础上，提出了空气弹簧局共振分析模型，并给出了局部共振频率的近似计算公式，同时还对共振频率的主要影响因素进行了分析。     

直接多重打靶法在轨迹优化方面的应用

本文采用基于多重打靶技术的参数优化方法,以美国航天飞机轨道器为例,选取了几种目标函数和约束条件,对其最佳再入轨迹进行了计算.将计算结果与美国航天飞机的实际再入轨迹作了比较,并对文中采用的算法和程序的适用性进行了小结。     

变截面压杆稳定临界力计算的有限元素法

本文提出了计算变截面压杆稳定临界力的有限元素法，该方法计算方便，精度高，适合于种种截面变化规律的压杆。     

China's communication satellites and their benefits

This report describes the development and the benefits derived from China's communication satellites. It provides information on the experimental communication satellites and the four operational satellites which have all been put into geostationary orbit, and then the new medium-capacity domestic communication satellite which is scheduled to be launched in 1993. The direct and indirect benefits of the satellites in a variety of fields, such as broadcasting and TV transmission, TV education, long-range telephone and telegraph, data transfer in finance and railway traffic, are described.