岁差章动模型更新等因素对坐标转换的影响

GCRS(Geocentric Celestial Reference System,地心天球参考系)与ITRS(International Terrestrial Reference System,国际地球参考系)之间的坐标转换方法与岁差章动模型密切相关,IERS(International Earth Rotation and reference systems Service,国际地球自转与参考系服务)规范先后推荐了3组不同的岁差章动模型。论文分析了基于春分点的坐标转换过程,在比较3组岁差章动模型间差异的基础上,以太阳系10个天体为例,计算了岁差章动模型更新、极移、世界时与地球时差值等因素对坐标转换影响的具体数值。结果表明,IAU 2006岁差-IAU 2000AR06章动与IAU 2000岁差-IAU 2000A章动间的差异,对坐标转换的影响在0.5mas以内;而IAU1976岁差-IERS 1996章动与前2组岁差章动间的差异,对坐标转换影响的最大值达到37mas;极移对坐标转换影响的最大值达到0.6″,远高于岁差章动模型更新所带来的影响;当忽略世界时与地球时的差异时,结果完全错误。通过此分析,明确了极移、世界时与地球时的差异对坐标转换影响的具体数值,可为工程计算中岁差章动模型的选取提供参考依据。     

飞机重心允许范围设计准则

基于稳定气动布局飞机的操纵性和稳定性要求，提出飞机重心允许范围的确定需要考虑的一些准则。以某型机为例，用综合提出的设计准则及相关数据对该机的重心允许范围进行了详细计算。结果表明，按照提出的设计准则确定的重心允许范围与按经验估计的结果接近．说明所提出的设计准则是可行的。     

翼型激波抖振的无模型自适应控制

由于受到流动环境中的不确定因素影响,针对流动系统设计的闭环控制律需要考虑这些不确定因素,自动适应随机扰动和突发扰动.基于流动模型所设计的闭环最优控制,虽然可以以较小的控制量获得满足目标函数的最优控制效果,但随着流动模型的引入,随之而来的建模精度、未建模动态等问题也会出现,固定的流动模型也会限制控制系统的自适应能力.针对翼型在跨声速流动中遇到的激波抖振问题,为了消除不同来流状态的激波抖振带来的脉动载荷,开展了基于数据驱动方法的无模型自适应控制.流场数值仿真采用URANS方法,作动机构采用尾缘舵面,以升力系数作为反馈信号.当流动状态变化时,无模型自适应控制利用输入输出数据在线将流动系统等价转化为动态线性化数据模型,最小化性能指标得到控制律,使系统自动地工作于最优或接近最优的状态.时域仿真结果显示,无模型自适应控制效果优于开环控制和比例控制,并且当来流状态随时间发生变化时,无模型自适应控制也能够完全消除抖振脉动载荷.     

散射参数建模及其在传导电磁兼容中的应用

针对频谱仪法分析传导电磁干扰(Electromagnetic interference,EMI)的精度低、存在相位缺损且需使用功分器、信号源等辅助器件等问题,提出一种散射参数建模方法,并讨论了该方法在传导电磁兼容中的应用.散射参数建模方法不仅能够精确测定EMI噪声源内阻抗,EMI分离网络特性和EMI滤波器特性的幅值大小,而且能够提取相位信息,此外,测量过程无需借助辅助器件,降低了由辅助器件引起的测量误差.实验结果表明散射参数建模方法能够简单、快速地解决电力电子实际应用中存在的阻抗匹配问题,提高EMI分离网络和EMI滤波器特性参数测量精度,并为传导EMI噪声滤波器设计提供理论依据.     

冷却塔防水涂料的研制

根据电厂冷却塔内壁涂料防水防潮性能的特殊要求,综合考虑经济性和工艺性,研制了一种高性能的苯乙烯－丙烯酸酯防水涂料,在研制过程中,根据苯－丙涂料的乳液聚合机理,优选了乳液聚合的单体和对应的乳化剂,引发剂等添加剂的配方以及合成路线,经过反复筛选,确定了具有低成本,高性能的组分配方和合理的工艺路线,解决了涂料乳液聚合中新型高效助剂的关键技术,除用于电厂冷却内壁外,还可以广泛用于其他防水设备和设施。     

导弹滚动气动系数校验

在导弹研制过程中，飞行控制系统设计是基于计算得到的导弹气动参数作出的，为了提高其计算准确性，提出了一种利用飞行试验数据校验导弹滚动气动系数的方法，为此，首先建立了辨识所需的导弹滚动运动数学模型，然后提出了利用飞行试验数据对导弹滚动气动系数进行辨识计算的方法，由外干扰元法测量，而且是导弹滚动运动的重要驱动因素，因而也被作为一个未知参数的加以辨识，最后给了利用辨识结果校验滚动气动系数的方法。     

利用飞行试验数据校验导弹气动参数

以防空导弹侧向运动为对象，提出了一种利用飞行试验数据校验导弹气动参数的方法。     

Morphological and molecular changes of maize plants after seeds been flown on recoverablf satellite

Dry seeds of Zea mays, heterozygous for Lw₁/lw₁ alleles, sandwiched between nuclear track detectors aboard Chinese satellite for 15 days, were recovered and mutations in morphological characters on plants developed from these seeds, as well as their selected progenies, were investigated. The dosimetric results indicated that 85% of the seeds received at least 1 hit with Z≥20. About 10% of plants developed from flown seeds and 40% of observed selfed lines from the first generation plants showed some morphological changes, such as yellow stripes displayed on leaves, dwarf, anomogensis of floral organs and yellow-green seedlings, when compared with those from ground control. Using yellow stripes on leaves as the main endpoint for evaluating mutation induced in space environment, the frequency of stripe occurrence was 4.6% in the first generation plants, comparable with the results obtained from Long Duration Exposure Facility (LDEF) mission (Mei et al., 1994), but much lower than those from ground based ⁶⁰ Co-gamma treatment at a dose of 100 Gy, which reached 35.5% in the selfed lines of the second generation. One hundred and ten random primers were screened in RAPD analysis to detect the variation on genomic DNA of plants with stripes on leaves. Of these primers, 10.9% were able to generate polymorphic bands between mutated plants and control, also, common band patterns in several progenies with the same mutation phenotype were observed. These results demonstrated that space radiation environment could induce inheritable mutagenic effects on plant seeds, and verified the change in genetic material in the mutants. Further study will be needed for a better understand of the nature and mechanism of this induction of mutation.     

Using only observation station data for PPP ambiguity resolution by UPD estimation

This article proposes a new method for uncalibrated phase delay (UPD) estimation to improve the accuracy of precise point positioning (PPP), which uses only observation station data. This means that the station used to generate the UPDs is the same station to which they are applied. First, dual-frequency observation equations based on a raw PPP model are developed. Then, the UPDs are calculated from integer linear combinations of float ambiguities. Third, with the UPD corrections, the least-squares ambiguity decorrelation adjustment (LAMBDA) method is utilized to obtain the integer ambiguities. Since only observation station data are used for UPD estimation, the partial ambiguity resolution (PAR) method is adopted to increase the possibility of finding a subset of integer ambiguities. The UPD estimation and ambiguity resolution are performed in each epoch. To obtain the correct integer ambiguity, the ratio test and success rate (bootstrapping) are used to evaluate the estimated integer ambiguity. Finally, by treating the integer ambiguities as constants, fixed solutions can be obtained. Quality control is also applied throughout the entire data processing procedure to obtain high quality float and fixed solutions. Data from 22 stations of the International Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Service (IGS) in East Asia on day of year (DOY) 206, 2017, are used to verify the feasibility of this method. The experimental results show that compared with the float solution, the proposed method can significantly improve the accuracy in the east, north and up directions by 24%, 21% and 18% for static PPP and 36%, 18% and 34% for dynamic PPP, respectively. However, the accuracy of the proposed method is still lower than that of the fixed solutions obtained by the PRIDE-PPPAR software, in which the fractional cycle bias is computed based on reference network data. These findings sufficiently show that the proposed method can offer better solution accuracy than the float solution. However, the quality of the UPDs estimated only from observation station data is not as good as that of the estimates obtained based on reference network data.     

频域加权最优控制在数控系统设计中的应用

在代价函数中具有频率加权的LQ方法是一般LQ方法的推广,它比LQ方法能较好地抑制高频范围内的响应。本文介绍了采用频率加权方法设计的实验性桥式起重机数字控制系统,该系统在起重机突然起动或停止时,可以控制吊物的位置不产生严重的残留振荡。研究表明频率加权最优控制是有效的,系统成功的抑制了吊物的摆动。