熔融沉积成型连续碳纤维增强尼龙蜂窝芯材的压缩特性

采用熔融沉积成型方法成形了连续碳纤维增强尼龙复合材料蜂窝芯材,并对不同测试方向的静态单轴压缩特性进行了表征分析,着重关注不同测试方向熔融沉积成形蜂窝芯材平面静态压缩破碎行为和能量吸收行为,并与纯聚合物基体进行对比。结果表明:X_1方向的压缩平台区域的力-位移曲线更加平滑稳定,且载荷值稍高于X_2方向,因此X_1方向更适用于能量吸收应用;此外,连续纤维的增强作用可使蜂窝芯材的平台载荷值得到明显提升。研究结果为连续纤维增强聚合物复合材料的空间增材制造提供理论基础。     

基于随机粒子追踪方法的环形燃烧室点火动态模拟

为了深入研究低排放燃烧室点火联焰规律,在全新的环形模型燃烧室中开展了点火模拟和试验研究。点火模拟采用随机粒子追踪方法,能够基于时均冷态流场的仿真结果快速模拟火焰传播过程。环形燃烧室包含16个中心分级旋流器,仅向预燃级通入丙烷,用于模拟航空发动机低排放燃烧室点火状态下的空气燃油分级。试验采用PIV技术测量3个头部区域流场,利用高速相机拍摄火焰CH*/C2*基团化学发光信号。对多个流量和当量比条件下的联焰过程、联焰时间和传焰速率进行了分析,试验和模拟的结果均表明：环形燃烧室内火焰双向传播,燃烧室内外环流速度差异导致了双向火焰传播速度差,传焰速率随燃烧室湍流速度和当量比的增加而增加。点火模型很好地捕捉了环形燃烧室点火动态,所得传焰速率也符合湍流火焰传播规律,表明该模型具有较强预测能力。     

基于量子化、芯片化的先进计量测试技术发展动态

计量是国家质量基础的重要组成部分,产品质量的提升离不开科学、精准的计量。工业发达国家极为重视计量测试技术的发展。通过搜集、整理量子效应计量、芯片级计量等国内外大量文献资料,归纳分析了近年来国外先进计量测试技术发展动态与趋势。以量子技术和基本物理常数为基础建立量子计量基标准,将大幅提高测量准确度和稳定性,结合量子效应的微加工技术实现芯片尺度的测量等,微纳尺度计量技术也在科学研究、精密测量、智能制造等领域得到广泛应用。本文可为我国计量技术发展提供借鉴。     

飞机舱门失效乘客减载计算方法的探讨

从适航当局、航空器制造商要求出发,从适航角度探寻了飞机舱门失效时需要进行旅客人数减载的原因。根据FAA、EASA、CAAC对各种机型舱门失效的要求,对比分析了各民航体系的要求差异,总结了舱门失效时计算旅客人数减载量的方法。在舱门失效对旅客人数进行减载时,航空公司需要综合考虑航班是否为跨水航班、舱门性能、救生筏性能。根据实际飞机客舱布局,结合航班的销售情况,在满足适航要求的同时,将因客舱门失效带来的经济损失降到最低。通过公式和表格,可以比较迅速地完成旅客人数减载量计算和减载区域指定。最后根据分析和实例计算,发现FAA体系下计算方法简单,但是对减载区域的限制比较严格;EASA计算方法比较繁琐,但在指定减载区域时比较灵活。     

宽体飞机前主轮协同转弯主轮控制策略设计

飞机在进行地面转弯过程中,机场道面不平、侧风等环境因素可能导致主起落架转向轮的实际转角与理论转角不符,引起前轮转角和两侧主轮转角关系不匹配,增大轮胎侧向力,主起落架受到的扭矩增加。针对上述问题,提出两侧主轮独立控制的飞机地面转弯控制策略和基于内侧主起落架转向轮为主导对象,外侧主起落架转向轮为从动对象的主从控制策略以及实时转弯角度控制算法。建立基于弹性轮胎的飞机地面转弯模型,计算飞机地面转弯时的主起落架总扭矩。通过MATLAB设置不同主轮转角偏差,对两侧主轮的独立控制策略和主从控制策略下的主起落架总扭矩进行对比,发现前者能更有效降低飞机主起落架扭矩,增加飞机地面转弯安全性以及减小起落架设计难度。     

GRACE gravity field modeling with an investigation on correlation between nuisance parameters and gravity field coefficients

The GRACE (Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment) monthly gravity models have been independently produced and published by several research institutions, such as Center for Space Research (CSR), GeoForschungsZentrum (GFZ), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales (CNES) and Delft Institute of Earth Observation and Space Systems (DEOS). According to their processing standards, above institutions use the traditional variational approach except that the DEOS exploits the acceleration approach. The background force models employed are rather similar. The produced gravity field models generally agree with one another in the spatial pattern. However, there are some discrepancies in the gravity signal amplitude between solutions produced by different institutions. In particular, 10%–30% signal amplitude differences in some river basins can be observed. In this paper, we implemented a variant of the traditional variational approach and computed two sets of monthly gravity field solutions using the data from January 2005 to December 2006. The input data are K-band range-rates (KBRR) and kinematic orbits of GRACE satellites. The main difference in the production of our two types of models is how to deal with nuisance parameters. This type of parameters is necessary to absorb low-frequency errors in the data, which are mainly the aliasing and instrument errors. One way is to remove the nuisance parameters before estimating the geopotential coefficients, called NPARB approach in the paper. The other way is to estimate the nuisance parameters and geopotential coefficients simultaneously, called NPESS approach. These two types of solutions mainly differ in geopotential coefficients from degree 2 to 5. This can be explained by the fact that the nuisance parameters and the gravity field coefficients are highly correlated, particularly at low degrees. We compare these solutions with the official and published ones by means of spectral analysis. It is found that our solutions are, in general, consistent with others in the spatial pattern. The water storage variations of the Amazon, Chari and Ganges river basins have also been computed. The variations computed with the NPARB approach are closer to those produced by JPL and DEOS solutions, while the variations produced with the NPESS approach are in good agreement with those produced by the CSR and GFZ solutions. A simulation study is implemented with considering realistic noise and low-frequency error. The two approaches are used to recover the true model. The NPESS solution appears closer to the true one. Therefore we are inclined to estimate the nuisance parameters simultaneously with the geopential coefficients.     

卫星控制系统测试数据自动判读系统设计

针对卫星控制系统测试数据类型多和数据量大的特点,人工判读方式存在判读时间长和判读精度不够高等不足,分析了卫星控制系统测试数据的变化规律,建立了测试数据的判读规则,在此基础上完成自动判读方法设计和自动判读系统设计,该系统能够按照设置的判读规则进行自动判读,对判读结果进行实时显示和存储,提高了测试效率和判读的准确性.