考虑高耗时约束的全电推进卫星多学科优化

为提高卫星系统整体性能与优化设计效率，本文采用多学科设计优化（MDO）方法进行全电推进卫星总体参数优化。主要考虑轨道转移、位置保持、空间环境、供配电、结构及质量六个学科，以整星质量最小为优化目标，考虑轨道转移时间等约束条件，建立了全电推进卫星MDO模型。提出一种基于增广拉格朗日乘子法的高效全局优化方法（ALM-EGO）以快速求解卫星MDO问题。标准数值算例对比研究表明，对于处理高耗时约束优化问题，ALM-EGO方法在全局收敛性与优化效率方面具有一定的优势。最后，采用ALM-EGO求解全电推进卫星MDO问题，优化后的全电推进卫星设计方案满足各类工程设计约束，实现整星减重161.09 kg，从而验证了本文所建立模型的合理性和ALM-EGO方法的有效性。     

Efficient prediction of ground noise from helicopters and parametric studies based on acoustic mapping

Based on the acoustic mapping, a prediction model for the ground noise radiated from an in-flight helicopter is established. For the enhancement of calculation efficiency, a high-efficiency second-level acoustic radiation model capable of taking the influence of atmosphere absorption on noise into account is first developed by the combination of the point-source idea and the rotor noise radiation characteristics. The comparison between the present model and the direct computation method of noise is done and the high efficiency of the model is validated. Rotor free-wake analysis method and Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings (FW-H) equation are applied to the aerodynamics and noise prediction in the present model. Secondly, a database of noise spheres with the characteristic parameters of advance ratio and tip-path-plane angle is established by the helicopter trim model together with a parametric modeling approach. Furthermore, based on acoustic mapping, a method of rapid simulation for the ground noise radiated from an in-flight helicopter is developed. The noise footprint for AH-1 rotor is then calculated and the influence of some parameters including advance ratio and flight path angle on ground noise is deeply analyzed using the developed model. The results suggest that with the increase of advance ratio and flight path angle, the peak noise levels on the ground first increase and then decrease, in the meantime, the maximum Sound Exposure Level (SEL) noise on the ground shifts toward the advancing side of rotor. Besides, through the analysis of the effects of longitudinal forces on miss-distance and rotor Blade-Vortex Interaction (BVI) noise in descent flight, some meaningful results for reducing the BVI noise on the ground are obtained.     

11.4μm外腔宽调谐量子级联激光器研究

光谱法是目前最主要的痕量气体检测手段之一。外腔量子级联激光器因其宽调谐、窄线宽、中红外波段输出等特点成为痕量检测系统中的重要激光光源。针对有毒有害大气污染物检测需求,采用新型Littrow外腔技术,实现中心波长11.4μm中红外波段827.7cm?1～928.7cm?1(波长10.7μm～12.08μm)宽调谐激光输出,线宽小于1cm?1。该波段的宽调谐激光输出是国内首次报道,解决了三氯乙烯、光气、萘等痕量有毒有害气体同时在线检测的难题。     

铜镉污染对海州香薷种子萌发的影响

以海州香薷种子为试材,研究了铜镉污染对种子萌发的影响。结果表明,在实验所选的胁迫浓度范围内,单一铜污染时,海州香薷种子发芽率随着Cu2+浓度的升高,先升后降,在20mg/L Cu2+处理时出现了毒性兴奋效应现象。铜镉污染对海州香薷幼苗苗长和根长的抑制作用极显著。根据综合效应指标,铜镉复合污染对海州香薷种子萌发的影响表现形式为铜、镉的协同作用。     

卫星编队队形重构中的模型选择

推导了卫星编队进行燃料最优队形重构时,两组Lawden方程（时间域和真近点角域）下所建立目标函数的数学关系,指出在不需要解析解的情况下,动力学模型应选择时间域下的Lawden方程,目标函数应建立在时间域。首先,分别针对脉冲推力和持续推力机动,研究了两组方程下目标函数的差异。然后,以持续推力式重构方法为例,构造了燃料最优目标函数,基于最大值原理,建立了队形重构的两点边值问题。然后,采用边界迭代法求解初始协态变量,确定最优的控制加速度。最后通过数学仿真验证了模型分析的正确性及算法的有效性。
     

飞行器滑模变结构姿态控制器参数优化设计

研究了大气层外飞行器姿态控制器设计。基于误差四元数建立飞行器姿态运动学与动力学方程,用滑模变结构控制方法设计控制器,通过构造Lyapunov函数验证了控制器具全局稳定性和鲁棒性。以控制器参数为优化变量,机动时间为优化指标,飞行器发动机输出力矩为约束条件,用粒子群算法实现对滑模控制器参数的优化设计。仿真结果表明：控制器设计可行且有效,并能对参数进行优化。     

大椭圆星载轨道预报系统设计

分析了大椭圆星载轨道预报对模型精度的要求,对大椭圆轨道动力学模型进行了合理的简化,比较了多个单步数值迭代算法的优劣,选择了适合大椭圆星载轨道预报要求的单步迭代算法,建立了大椭圆星载轨道预报系统.仿真结果验证了该预报系统的可用性与高效性.     

软件的保障性评估

从维修规划、设计接口、训练保障等方面阐述软件保障评估的几个要素,介绍软件评估的5种方法,并从改进软件保障性和提高使用率的目的出发,提出软件评估管理的几项内容.