轨/姿控火箭发动机推力矢量动态测试系统测量原理与动态性能

 基于国防和航天对轨/姿控火箭发动机脉冲推力矢量动态测试的重大需求,以压电石英为力敏,研制了压电式推力矢量动态测试系统。在探讨推力矢量描述参数及计算的基础上,提出了一种推力矢量测量方案。根据静力平衡原理,推导了求解推力矢量的一般方程。改进了非线性模态分析方法,以所获取的实际动态响应曲线为基础,建立了测试系统的理论动力学模型,利用拉普拉斯变换与逆变换、卷积定理,研究了系统的动态性能和脉冲推力测量性能。针对脉冲推力测量过程中所产生的误差,提出了一种基于理论动力学模型的加速度补偿算法。实验结果证明了测量方案和加速度补偿算法的可行性。     

某型导弹伸缩翼展开可靠性评估

与固定翼相比,伸缩翼能够有效减少飞机弹仓的空间占用,但由于伸缩翼存在运动机构,其带来的可靠性下降成为不可忽视的问题。为探究新型机构的可靠度,本文从理论方面计算某型伸缩翼展开机构的定位可靠性;采用 Adams 对伸缩翼展开过程进行仿真,结合 Adams/Insight 模块计算在考虑摩擦力条件下的卡滞可靠性,并对伸缩翼卡滞失效原因进行分析。结果表明：异物的存在使伸缩翼的定位可靠性显著降低,适当增加上下翼弹簧的预载荷能够有效减小伸缩翼展开机构的卡滞失效,上下翼弹簧在上翼质心产生的附加力矩会降低伸缩翼的卡滞可靠性。     

考虑管路的飞机液压刹车系统压力振荡分析

飞机液压刹车系统通常采用压力伺服阀控制刹车压力,由于布局限制,压力伺服阀和刹车作动器之间往往存在较长的液压管路.管路会给系统引入欠阻尼的频率特性,而且该特性会与压力伺服阀固有的局部压力闭环结构相耦合,使得压力伺服阀的输出压力容易出现振荡、失稳现象.因此通过在飞机液压刹车系统建模中考虑管路模型,在频域上分析了压力伺服阀与管路、容腔耦合的现象和原因,具体给出了管路参数和油液参数变化对压力闭环的影响,并通过时域仿真进一步验证了频域分析的结论.同时分析了匹配设计管路、增加系统阻尼和降低系统增益3种避免压力闭环控制振荡失稳的方法.为飞机液压刹车系统的设计与优化提供了理论参考依据.      

一种基于人工扰动电离层的通信对抗技术研究

研究了扰动后的电离层对不同波段的电磁波传播的影响,并探讨了该项技术在通信对抗上的具体应用。结果表明:受扰电离层可以引导VLF波进行"哨声模式"传播,进而实现对潜通信;可以使得HF波传播轨迹发生偏转、逃逸、聚焦和散焦,进而实现短波干扰;可以降低卫星通信频率,进而利用新波段实现卫星保密通信,同时还能产生透镜效应,对实现卫星通信的VHF电波产生额外增益,增强通信效果。     

多数据源信息融合的建筑用电设备故障诊断系统研究

针对单一检测量难以形成完备可靠的故障诊断结论的难题,本文设计了一种基于多数据源信息融合的建筑用电设备故障诊断系统。首先提出了多传感器信息融合的故障诊断系统结构,然后对系统涉及的关键技术分别进行了介绍,基于虚拟仪器Lab VIEW,设计建筑用电设备故障诊断监控平台,并结合教学楼用电设备给出了系统的应用实例。该用电设备故障诊断系统可以有效提高故障确诊率,降低诊断的不确定性。     

Design and analysis of an extended mission of CE-2: From lunar orbit to Sun–Earth L2 region

Chang’E-2 (CE-2) has firstly successfully achieved the exploring mission from lunar orbit to Sun–Earth L2 region. In this paper, we discuss the design problem of transfer trajectory and at the same time analyze the visible segment of Tracking, Telemetry & Control (TT&C) system for this mission. Firstly, the four-body problem of Sun–Earth–Moon and Spacecraft can be decoupled in two different three-body problems (Sun–Earth + Moon Restricted Three-Body Problems (RTBPs) and Earth–Moon ephemeris model). Then, the transfer trajectory segments in different model are computed, respectively, and patched by Poincaré sections. The full-flight trajectory including transfer trajectory from lunar orbit to Sun–Earth L2 region and target Lissajous orbit is obtained by the differential correction method. Finally, the visibility of TT&C system at the key time is analyzed. Actual execution of CE-2 extended mission shows that the trajectory design of CE-2 mission is feasible.     

改型对剑形深波谷交变波瓣喷管射流掺混的作用

结合现有交变波瓣喷管的特点对基准波瓣喷管进行处理,设计了一种新型交变波瓣喷管——剑形深波谷交变波瓣喷管.采用数值方法研究了扇形处理和斜切处理对剑形深波谷交变波瓣喷管射流掺混的作用.结果显示,随着扇形处理和斜切处理各自改型程度的增加,波峰尾流区掺混速度变快,而核心区主流完全掺混所需距离略有增加.斜切处理促进掺混能力优于扇形处理,扇形处理后引射能力和流动损失基本不变,斜切处理后引射能力和流动损失稍有减小.计算结果还表明流向涡的形态对掺混效率的影响大于流向涡的强弱.     

激光辅助局部电化学沉积的试验研究

在局部电化学沉积加工体系中引入纳秒脉冲激光,利用激光辐照和局部电化学沉积的方法对铜进行三维微结构的沉积试验。分析了激光的热力效应对局部电化学沉积的作用机理。构建了激光辅助局部电化学沉积的试验系统,进行了沉积试验,并利用扫描电子显微镜(Scanning electron microscope,SEM)和X射线能量色散色谱仪对电沉积体进行了检测。试验结果表明激光辅助局部电化学沉积相较于普通的局部电化学沉积,定域性好。随着激光能量的增加,沉积体的高宽比增加,定域性提高。同时,激光还可以减少阴极杂质的吸附,提高沉积体的纯度。     

水中钛合金电火花加工的辅助电流抑制杂散腐蚀研究

提出了水中钛合金电火花加工辅助电流抑制杂散腐蚀的加工方法,利用辅助电源施加阴极电流的方式使金属界面呈负电性并达到足够负的电极电位以抑制杂散腐蚀的发生。研究了杂散腐蚀的产生机理和辅助电流对杂散腐蚀的抑制机理,对添加辅助电流前后钛合金表面进行了电场仿真分析、实验验证、表面形貌及组份分析。结果表明:采用辅助电流的方式能有效地消除水中钛合金电火花加工中存在的杂散腐蚀。     

The application of micro-CT in monitoring bone alterations in tail-suspended rats in vivo

Osteopenia is a pathological process that affects human skeletal health not only on earth but also in long-time spaceflight. Micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) is a nondestructive method for assessing both bone quantity and bone quality. To investigate the characteristics of micro-CT on evaluating the microgravity-induced osteopenia (e.g. early detection time and the sensitive parameters), the bone loss process of tail-suspended rats was monitored by micro-CT in this study. 8-Week-old female Sprague Dawley rats were divided into two groups: tail suspension (TS) and control (CON). Volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) and microstructure of the femur and tibia were evaluated in vivo by micro-CT at 0, 7, 14, 22 days. Biomechanical properties of the femur and tibia were determined by three-point bending test. The ash weight of bone was also investigated. The results showed that (1) bone loss in the proximal tibia appeared earlier than in the distal femur. (2) On day 7, the percent bone volume (BV/TV) of the tibia 15.44% decreased significantly, and the trabecular separation (Tb.Sp) 30.29% increased significantly in TS group, both of which were detected earlier than other parameters. (3) Biomechanical properties (e.g. femur, −22.4% maximum load and −23.75% Young’s modulus vs. CON) and ash weight of the femur and tibia decreased significantly in the TS group in comparison to CON group. (4) vBMD of the femur and tibia were clearly related to bone ash and dry weight (r = 0.75–0.87, p < 0.05). (5) BV/TV of both femur and tibia were clearly related to maximum load and Young’s modulus (r = 0.66–0.87, p < 0.05). Similarly, trabecular vBMD and BV/TV of the femur and tibia were clearly related to Young’s modulus (r = 0.73–0.89, p < 0.05). These indicated that BV/TV and Tb.Sp were more sensitive than other parameters for evaluating bone loss induced by tail suspension, moreover, trabecular vBMD and other parameters might be used to evaluate bone strength. Therefore, micro-CT is a reliable and sensitive method for predicting unloading-induced bone loss in small animals.