地外天体潜入式探测典型案例分析及展望

针对地外天体星壤剖面的潜入式探测任务,对星球表面热场、星壤剖面原位力学特性等科学目标探测的基本原理、实现方案和典型案例进行了资料调研与分析,并阐明了国际上开展地外天体星壤剖面潜入式探测活动的目的和科学意义。在此基础上,提出了我国月面采样科学目标拓展方案以及我国开展潜入式探测的预先研究规划,对蠕动掘进和冲击贯入式探测方案的基本原理和应用前景进行了分析。     

Integrating local multi-criteria evaluation with spatially explicit uncertainty-sensitivity analysis

The conventional methods of Multi-Criteria Evaluation (MCE) fail to account for local variability in criteria values and criteria preferences, disregarding local influence in spatial decision making. Moreover, understanding the interaction between MCE model input and output has paramount importance in terms of the level of confidence in the model results and their subsequent use in decision making. This research contributes to spatial MCE methodology by articulating the presence of uncertainty included in criteria weights and extending a local MCE technique with a spatially explicit uncertainty and sensitivity analysis. The article presents a methodology for multi-criteria evaluation extended by an integrated uncertainty-sensitivity analysis and illustrates it on the example of a land prioritization model for conservation practices.     

基于引射器函数法的程序优化设计及验证

针对考虑多因素综合影响的引射器优化问题,基于引射器函数法,深入研究了静压协调函数的数学特性并分析了其数学曲线上的奇异点。在此基础上,通过程序设计和基准推进归纳法得到了多分支工作特性曲线,分析了不同分支下解的特性。另外结合工作特性曲线重点研究了混合室背压、主次流总压比和混合不均匀度对引射性能的影响,提出了静压特性曲面、临界曲线的设计概念。通过试验数据对比分析验证了引射器函数法的可靠性。结论表明:靠近临界曲线工况时引射器设计性能较好;混合不均匀度对引射性能影响重大,不均匀度为1.5时对比理想状态,引射系数最大误差达到32.73％;考虑壁面摩擦设计时需对摩擦因数公式模型进行修正。研究结果为引射器优化设计提供了重要指导。      

窄线宽半导体激光器的热设计及优化

激光管内产生的热流对结构固有特性的影响是窄线宽半导体激光器结构设计的重点研究问题之一。基于机械性能和温度载荷要求,以整体结构散热最大化为目标,对内部热载荷进行了分析与应用研究,并以此为依据对半导体激光器的结构尺寸与结构形式进行了优化设计,该方法使激光器整体温度最大值由24.6℃降至22.827℃,并且分析了前100 s内瞬态温度变化曲线,通过优化结构使得散热均匀性得到很好的改善。      

一种可承受径向和轴向载荷的超声悬浮轴承

基于压电驱动原理和超声波近场悬浮技术,提出了一种可同时承受径向和轴向载荷的超声悬浮轴承方案。此方案只依靠单一激励源即可实现双向支承,结构紧凑,控制简单。为准确预测超声轴承的工作频率和声阻抗,建立了超声轴承的声阻抗网络模型;利用有限元分析(FEA)方法,对超声轴承径向和轴向辐射面的振幅进行了仿真计算;研制了超声悬浮轴承原理样机并开展了轴承悬浮承载能力测试实验。实验结果表明:超声悬浮轴承具有良好的悬浮效果,可承受较大的径向载荷和一定的轴向载荷。此类超声轴承的研究可为未来新型轴承结构的研发开拓新的思路。     

对转盘腔换热特性数值研究

航空发动机中对转涡轮设计使得对转盘腔内冷气的流动和换热问题被关注。为探究对转盘腔的换热特性及其影响因素,对几何简化后的中心进气对转盘腔模型进行流-热-固耦合数值模拟。结果表明:下游盘换热效果强于上游盘;冷气流量的增大对两盘换热均有显著增强作用,当流量增加一倍时平均努赛尔数升高幅度超过70%;轮盘转速的提高只会增强转速改变轮盘的换热,对另一个转速不变轮盘的换热影响不大;在间隙比G=0.1～0.4,两盘间隙的减小增强上游盘的换热,对下游盘换热影响不大。     

Morphology: an ambiguous indicator of biogenicity

This paper deals with the difficulty of decoding the origins of natural structures through the study of their morphological features. We focus on the case of primitive life detection, where it is clear that the principles of comparative anatomy cannot be applied. A range of inorganic processes are described that result in morphologies emulating biological shapes, with particular emphasis on geochemically plausible processes. In particular, the formation of inorganic biomorphs in alkaline silica-rich environments are described in detail.     

发射井引射器的工作特性

针对发射井优化设计问题,提出了发射井引射器模型和引射器函数求解方法。研究了静压协调函数的性质,分析了发动机总压、发射井横截面积、混合室出口压强变化时的极限工作条件和取值范围。结果表明:第一极限、引射面积零点和等速点不能达到;在未达到第三极限时,引射器工作特性服从静压协调函数;在第三极限和最小极限之间工作特性曲线服从最优静压函数;在过雍塞状态,引射器工作特性服从最小静压函数。研究结果为发射井和引射器的优化设计提供了重要指导。     

The Global Geospace Science Program and its investigations

The detailed study of the solar-terrestrial energy chain will be greatly enhanced with the launch and simultaneous operation of several spacecraft during the current decade. These programs are being coordinates in the United States under the umbrella of the International Solar Terrestrial Physics Program (ISTP) and include fundamental contributions from Japan (GEOTAIL Program) and Europe (SOHO and CLUSTER Programs). The principal United States contribution to this effort is the Global Geospace Science Program (GGS) described in this overview paper. Two spacecraft, WIND and POLAR, carrying an advanced complement of field, particle and imaging instruments, will conduct investigations of several key regions of geospace. This paper provides a general overview of the science objectives of the missions, the spacecraft orbits and the ground elements that have been developed to process and analyze the instrument observations.     

Mars Crustal Magnetism

Mars lacks a detectable magnetic field of global scale, but boasts a rich spectrum of magnetic fields at smaller spatial scales attributed to the spatial variation of remanent magnetism in the crust. On average the Mars crust is 10 times more intensely magnetized than that of the Earth. It appears likely that the Mars crust acquired its remanence in the first few hundred million years of evolution when an active dynamo sustained an intense global field. An early dynamo era, ending in the Noachian, or earliest period of Mars chronology, would likely be driven by thermal convection in an early, hot, fluid core. If crustal remanence was acquired later in Mars history, a dynamo driven by chemical convection associated with the solidification of an inner core is likely. Thermal evolution models cannot yet distinguish between these two possibilities. The magnetic record contains a wealth of information on the thermal evolution of Mars and the Mars dynamo, but we have just begun to decipher its message.