两车间距对超车过程轿车气动特性的影响

利用计算流体力学方法对超车过程中两种间距工况下的超车车辆和被超车辆周围非定常流场进行数值模拟,超车车辆和被超车辆均为简化直背式模型,得到超车车辆和被超车辆受到的侧向力、侧倾力矩和横摆力矩在超车过程中的变化情况,并根据超车过程中两种间距情况下速度场和压强场的分布情况,分析流场特性对气动力特性的影响.计算结果表明:被超车辆受到的侧向力、侧倾力矩和横摆力矩在两种间距下的变化趋势基本相同,但它们各自变化趋势有所不同;超车车辆受到的侧向力、侧倾力矩和横摆力矩在两种间距下的变化趋势有着明显差别.      

激光熔覆的研究发展状况

介绍了激光熔覆的机理;激光熔覆的工艺,组织性能;激光熔覆的应用;激光熔覆存在的主要问题及解决的措施等各方面的研究发展状况,指出了激光熔覆的今后发展方向。     

基于差分卫星导航的着舰引导技术分析

着舰引导技术是航母/舰载机系统的核心技术,差分卫星导航相对定位精度高,广泛应用于近距离相对定位,基于差分卫星导航的着舰引导技术是当前着舰引导技术研究的热点.载波相位周跳是影响差分卫星导航相对定位精度的关键因素.本文在分析基于差分卫星导航的着舰引导系统架构的基础上,提出一种改进的包含周跳的卡尔曼滤波模型.该模型能够削弱差...     

用Kriging方法构建中纬度区域电离层TEC地图

提出了中国中北部及周边(30°N～55°N,70°E～140°E范围内)区域电离层电子浓度总含量(TEC)地图(简称CNC TEC Map)的Kriging算法.比较了目前被广泛使用的电离层模型(Klobuchar,IRI和JPLGIM)与真实的TEC分布的符合情况;比较了常数漂移(普通Kriging方法)、线性漂移和二次漂移的Kriging方法;在三种不同的时间分辨率(5min,30min和120min)下,比较了Kriging算法、就近插值算法和多项式回归算法(5阶)绘制CNC TEC Map的效果.结果显示在本文研究区域内常用的电离层模型与真实TEC分布存在较大的区别;使用普通Kriging方法就可以较好的表示华北地区TEC分布;Kriging方法的结果优于其余两种插值算法,尤其是当时间分辨率提高到5 min时,Kriging算法的优势比较明显.      

一种L波段陶瓷振荡器的设计

对负阻振荡器的基本理论进行分析,仿真并设计一个高稳定性、低相位噪声的陶瓷谐振器振荡器CRO。CRO在正常工作状态下通过频谱仪测得的相位噪声为-109.4dBc/Hz@10kHz、-130.3dBc/Hz@100kHz,输出信号功率平坦度好,负载牵引小。     

复杂地形下基于三视约束的景象匹配方法

 景象匹配通过将飞行器实拍图像与机载的基准图像比较而进行导航。当飞行高度较低时,由地面大起伏引起的实时图几何变形会严重影响匹配性能,造成匹配精度下降甚至出现误匹配,这一问题严重制约了现有景象匹配系统的应用范围,比如无法应用于建筑林立的城镇地区和梯田、丘陵地带。本文首先推导了小视场内无几何变形的高空竖直透视投影模型;在此基础上,依据三视约束关系,把相邻两幅下视实时图像的特征赋给该透视模型所成的像,得到消除几何变形的特征模板,再和基准图进行匹配。因此,所提方法不仅能处理由飞行器姿态引起的实时图几何变形问题,而且适用于城镇等地面存在较大起伏的地形。理论分析和仿真实验表明,该算法取得了较好的结果,具有良好的环境适应能力,实用性较强。     

TC11钛合金焊接接头低周疲劳分形损伤演化研究

基于损伤力学和分形理论,在金属材料疲劳断口的形貌特征具有统计自相似性的基础上建立了表征焊接接头断口损伤的面分形损伤演化模型.利用TC11合金低周疲劳试验后所得到的断口测得其面分维数,结合试验数据拟合获得该材料损伤演化方程参数;从而建立了TC11合金焊接接头三级载荷下的疲劳损伤演化方程;同时将该模型与基于断口表面裂纹扩展的线分形损伤演化模型加以比较.      

A linear ADRC-based robust high-dynamic double-loop servo system for aircraft electro-mechanical actuators

Compared with traditional hydraulic actuators, an Electro-Mechanical Actuator(EMA)is small in size and light in weight, so it has become more widely used. Aerodynamic load on aircraft control surface varies dramatically, and a change of flight environment leads to uncertainties of motor parameters. Therefore, high-dynamic response and strong anti-disturbance capability of an EMA are of great significance for aircraft rudder control and flight attitude adjustment. In order to improve dynamic response and disturbance rejection of an EMA and simplify control parameters tuning, a robust high-dynamic servo system based on Linear Active Disturbance Rejection Control(LADRC) is proposed for an EMA employing a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor(PMSM).Firstly, total disturbances of the EMA are analyzed, including parameter uncertainties, load variation, and static friction. A disturbance observer based on a reduced-order Extended State Observer(ESO) is designed to improve the anti-interference ability and dynamic performance. Secondly, the servo control architecture is simplified to a double-loop system, and a composite control of position and speed with acceleration feed-forward is presented to improve the EMA frequency bandwidth.Thirdly, the ideal model of the EMA is transformed into a simple cascade integral form with a disturbance observer, which makes it convenient to analyze and design the controller. Robustness performance comparisons are realized in frequency domain. Finally, simulation and experimental results have verified the effectiveness of the proposed strategy for EMAs.     

A multi-rate sensor fusion approach using information filters for estimating aero-engine performance degradation

Gas-path performance estimation plays an important role in aero-engine health management, and Kalman Filter(KF) is a well-known technique to estimate performance degradation. In previous studies, it is assumed that different kinds of sensors are with the same sampling rate, and they are used for state estimation by the KF simultaneously. However, it is hard to achieve state estimation using various kinds of sensor measurements at the same sampling rate due to a complex network and physical characteristic differences between sensors, especially in an advanced multisensor architecture. For this purpose, a multi-rate sensor fusion using the information filtering approach is proposed based on the square-root cubature rule, which is called Multi-rate Squareroot Cubature Information Filter(MSCIF) to track engine performance degradation. Soft measurement synchronization of the MSCIF is designed to provide a sensor fusion condition for multiple sampling rates of measurement, and a fault sensor is isolated by maximum likelihood validation before state estimation. The contribution of this paper is to supply a novel multi-rate informationfilter approach for sensor fault tolerant health estimation of an aero-engine in a multi-sensor system. Tests are conducted for aero-engine performance degradation estimation with multiple sampling rates of sensor measurement on both digital simulation and semi-physical experiment.Experimental results illustrate the superiority of the proposed algorithm in terms of degradation estimation accuracy and robustness to sensor failure in a multi-sensor system.     

航空发动机高原起动成功率提高措施

针对某型航空发动机在高原地区起动成功率偏低的问题,基于发动机起动工作原理,分析了起动失速、转速悬挂、排气温度超温等失败现象,得出失败是由剩余功率减小所致,制定了通过优化调整供油钉使发动机达到最佳油气比的调整方案,并采取增大涡轮起动机输出功率、卸载液压、优化调整供油量等3项措施。同时进行外场试车验证,判读飞参,对比采取措施前、后的起动数据。结果表明:采用调整方案后使发动机高原起动成功率提升30%,保证了发动机的工作性能,满足了用户的使用要求。