SiC MOSFET短路特性

为确保碳化硅(SiC)功率器件在过载、短路等工况下能安全可靠地工作,必须充分认识SiC器件的短路机理。首先对SiC MOSFET硬开关短路故障下短路电流原理进行了分析,在此基础上对不同电路参数对SiC MOSFET短路特性的影响进行了对比分析,揭示了短路特性的关键影响因素,并对Si与SiC MOSFET短路能力和器件恶化机理进行了对比分析,从而为设计SiC MOSFET短路保护电路提供一定的指导。     

火箭冲压组合动力研究进展

对国内外火箭冲压组合动力(RBCC)研究现状与发展路线进行了总结,阐述了各国主要研究计划和取得的重要成果。系统地总结了西北工业大学航天学院在火箭冲压组合动力的研究进展和研究成果,经过近二十年的发展,完成了从发动机理论分析与原理验证、部件设计与试验到小尺度发动机地面集成验证,初步突破和掌握了宽域全流道设计、宽来流高效燃烧与火焰稳定以及模态过渡等多项关键技术,具备了开展飞行演示验证的基础。     

航天发射塔回转轴承新型清洗剂研制

航天发射塔回转轴承由于尺寸较大、结构复杂等原因,对其直接进行拆卸保养的难度过大。针对航空煤油等传统轴承清洗液存在清洗不彻底、易燃易爆、人身健康危害等缺点,本文通过对轴承润滑脂的化学成分分析研究,配置出了一种新型清洗液,用于对航天发射塔回转轴承进行清洗。经实验验证,该清洗液具有易于配置、便于存储、除油率高等特点。     

轴承支撑的舵面热模态试验及支撑刚度辨识

对在大气层内及临近空间内长时间飞行的高超声速飞行器,其舵面的模态特性比固支的翼面更加复杂,除了与舵面自身的弹性模量及内部热应力有关外,还受到根部支撑刚度的较大影响,并且支撑刚度还将受到温度的影响。以轴承机构支撑的舵面为对象,考虑温度对支撑刚度的影响,建立了非固支的全动舵面支撑边界条件。通过设计舵面受热相同、支撑部位受热不同的加热工况,辨识出了连接面两侧温升对舵面支撑刚度的线性影响规律,并验证了辨识结果的有效性。结果表明：在舵面受热相同情况下,降低支撑部位的温升,可以有效减少舵面模态频率受气动加热的影响。研究结果可供安装此类舵面的飞行器防热设计参考。     

返回舱/空间探测器热防护结构发展现状与趋势

针对中国天地往返和深空探测领域对热防护结构的需求,综述了国内外返回舱和空间探测器热防护材料/结构的发展现状,着重介绍了包括蜂窝增强热防护材料、纤维增强热防护材料、组合式热防护结构以及展开式热防护结构等在内的代表性热防护材料/结构的设计理念和性能特征。在系统总结热防护结构发展趋势的基础上,分析了返回舱和空间探测器热防护结构发展中存在的关键问题,可以看出：纤维增强热防护材料在热防护结构重量方面表现出了突出优势,材料拼接设计成为结构发展的重要阻碍;组合式热防护结构设计在现有材料发展水平的基础上,将成为提高热防护结构效率的有力途径;展开式热防护结构有望使航天器有效载荷重量显著提升,但受限于柔性热防护材料性能和结构工艺,仍有待发展。更加频繁的天地往返运输和深空探测项目的开展必将对热防护结构发展产生巨大的推动作用。     

Experimental investigation on aero-heating of rudder shaft within laminar/turbulent hypersonic boundary layers

The aero-heating of the rudder shaft region of a hypersonic vehicle is very harsh, as the peak heat flux in this region can be even higher than that at the stagnation point. Therefore, studying the aero-heating of the rudder shaft is of great significance for designing the thermal protection system of the hypersonic vehicle. In the wind tunnel test of the aero-heating effect, we find that with the increase of the angle of attack of the lifting body model, the increasement of the heat flux of the rudder shaft is larger under laminar flow conditions than that under turbulent flow conditions. To understand this, we design a wind tunnel experiment to study the effect of laminar/turbulent hypersonic boundary layers on the heat flux of the rudder shaft under the same wind tunnel freestream conditions. The experiment is carried out in the ?2 m shock tunnel(FD-14 A) affiliated to the China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center(CARDC). The laminar boundary layer on the model is triggered to a turbulent one by using vortex generators, which are 2 mm-high diamonds. The aero-heating of the rudder shaft(with the rudder) and the protuberance(without the rudder) are studied in both hypersonic laminar and turbulent boundary layers under the same freestream condition. The nominal Mach numbers are 10 and 12, and the unit Reynolds numbers are2.4 × 10~6 m~(-1) and 2.1 × 10~6 m-1. The angle of attack of the model is 20°, and the deflection angle of the rudder and the protuberance is 10°. The heat flux on the model surface is measured by thin film heat flux sensors, and the heat flux distribution along the center line of the lifting body model suggests that forced transition is achieved in the upstream of the rudder. The test results of the rudder shaft and the protuberance show that the heat flux of the rudder shaft is lower in the turbulent flow than that in the laminar flow, but the heat flux of the protuberance is the other way around,i.e., lower in the laminar flow than in the turbulent flow. The wind tunnel test results is also validated by numerical simulations. Our analysis suggests that this phenomenon is due to the difference of boundary layer velocities caused by different thickness of boundary layer between laminar and turbulent flows, as well as the restricted flow within the rudder gap. When the turbulent boundary layer is more than three times thicker than that of the laminar boundary layer, the heat flux of the rudder shaft under the laminar flow condition is higher than that under the turbulent flow condition. Discovery of this phenomenon has great importance for guiding the design of the thermal protection system for the rudder shaft of hypersonic vehicles.     

Kinematics-based four-state trajectory tracking control of a spherical mobile robot driven by a 2-DOF pendulum

Spherical mobile robot has compact structure, remarkable stability, and flexible motion,which make it have many advantages over traditional mobile robots when applied in those unmanned environments, such as outer planets. However, spherical mobile robot is a special highly under-actuated nonholonomic system, which cannot be transformed to the classic chained form. At present, there has not been a kinematics-based trajectory tracking controller which could track both the position states and the attitude states of a spherical mobile robot. In this paper, the four-state(two position states and two attitude states) trajectory tracking control of a type of spherical mobile robot driven by a 2-DOF pendulum was studied. A controller based on the shunting model of neurodynamics and the kinematic model was deduced, and its stability was demonstrated with Lyapunov's direct method. The control priorities of the four states were allocated according to the magnification of each state tracking error in order to firstly ensure the correct tracking of the position states. The outputs(motor speeds) of the controller were regulated according to the maximum speeds and the maximum accelerations of the actuation motors in order to solve the speed jump problem caused by initial state errors, and continuous and bounded outputs were obtained. The effectiveness including the anti-interference ability of the proposed trajectory tracking controller was verified through MATLAB simulations.     

双后掠乘波体的非线性升力增长

基于密切锥的双后掠乘波体是定平面形状乘波体的典型应用,除了具有良好的宽速域性能,其升力在高超声速大迎角下的非线性增长也是值得研究的现象。对比双后掠乘波体与单后掠乘波体的气动性能,发现双后掠外形比同等面积的单后掠外形具有更强的非线性增升效应,而且随着马赫数增加,其效应不断增强。分析乘波体不同部件的气动力,发现这种增升主要来自下表面,上表面贡献很小,指出相关学者提出的"涡升力"观点存在问题。本文研究表明,双后掠乘波体升力随迎角的非线性增加,与后掠角对激波附着的影响有关：后掠角越小,激波越难脱体,只要激波附着,参考斜激波关系式,波后的压力随迎角的增长就是非线性的,导致升力增长非线性;而激波脱体,升力增长则趋于线性。     

航空航天用高频高压正弦压力发生器的设计仿真

研制高频高压正弦压力发生器,测试航空航天用压力传感器在高频高压工况下的动态性能是确保发动机优化测试和控制系统有效的关键。为解决现有平面扫掠型正弦压力发生器存在频率和压力受限的问题,提出了一种径向活塞式正弦压力发生器的原理及结构设计,并进一步基于任意拉格朗日欧拉法进行数值仿真,计算其正弦信号在不同压力和不同工作频率下的动静幅值比与失真度,以及优化压力传感器的安装位置。结果表明:设计的径向活塞式正弦压力发生器应确保0.2～8.0 MPa的工作压力和200～10 000 Hz的正弦压力工作频率,正弦压力动静幅值比优于20%,可应用于航空发动机、汽轮机等领域的动态测试。     

七叶侧斜螺旋桨设计参数对空泡性能的影响研究

为建立有效的预报螺旋桨空泡性能的方法,并基于该方法参数化分析七叶侧斜螺旋桨设计参数对空泡性能的影响,基于CFD方法建立了螺旋桨全湿流和空泡流非定常数值计算模型。通过对DTMB4381标准螺旋桨全湿流及空泡数值模拟结果与试验值的对比,验证了计算模型的准确性。通过对网格的收敛性分析,验证了收敛性并保证了计算精度。采用B样条曲线拟合方法拟合某七叶侧斜螺旋桨设计参数,通过改变控制点的值改变设计参数的分布型式。在此基础上重点分析了该七叶侧斜螺旋桨桨叶侧斜、弦长以及纵倾分布型式对螺旋桨空泡性能的影响,计算表明加大侧斜能够减小空泡面积,使空泡的随边边界向桨叶中心偏移,增大侧斜后螺旋桨平均推力较原型桨增大9.0%;增加盘面比会使空泡面积增大,但会降低螺旋桨单位面积的平均负载,增加盘面比后螺旋桨平均推力较原型桨增大11.8%;同时桨叶向压力面弯曲或向吸力面弯曲的计算都表明,一定程度的纵倾有利于改善螺旋桨的空泡性能。