高超声速数值模拟平台转捩模型的标定

基于CARDC的高超声速流动数值模拟软件平台Chant-2.0,以典型低速平板转捩算例为参考,对γ-Reθ转捩模型的经验关系式进行了标定,并且对压力梯度函数进行了高马赫数修正,在高超平板和尖锥的转捩算例中进行了初步检验,计算结果表明:在高超计算平台上标定的转捩模型,较好地模拟了低速平板流动的转捩起始位置和转捩区长度,经过高马赫数修正后在高超流动转捩模拟中表现出较大的潜力。     

Parallel algorithm and its convergence of spatial domain decomposition of discrete ordinates method for solving radiation heat transfer problem

To improve the computational efficiency and hold calculation accuracy at the same time,we study the parallel computation for radiation heat transfer. In this paper, the discrete ordinates method(DOM) and the spatial domain decomposition parallelization(DDP) are combined by message passing interface(MPI) language. The DDP–DOM computation of the radiation heat transfer within the rectangular furnace is described. When the result of DDP–DOM along one-dimensional direction is compared with that along multi-dimensional directions, it is found that the result of the latter one has higher precision without considering the medium scattering. Meanwhile, an in-depth study of the convergence of DDP–DOM for radiation heat transfer is made. Analyzing the cause of the weak convergence, we relate the total number of iteration steps when the convergence is obtained to the number of sub-domains. When we decompose the spatial domain along one-,two- and three-dimensional directions, different linear relationships between the number of total iteration steps and the number of sub-domains will be possessed separately, then several equations are developed to show the relationships. Using the equations, some phenomena in DDP–DOM can be made clear easily. At the same time, the correctness of the equations is verified.     

吸附式压气机叶栅端壁流场油流实验研究及数值分析

设计加工了压气机叶栅端壁试验件,安置在吸附式叶栅中间通道50%叶展处,用来研究无马蹄涡影响的端壁流场。通过油流显示方法得到了其在设计点4种抽吸流量下的近壁面流线分布。在抽吸缝所在相对弦长处,沿节距方向等距测取了8个试验件壁面静压值。应用Fine/Turbo软件包,采用全通道网格在设计点进行了数值计算,对试验件端壁流场进行补充分析,较好地解释了实验现象。研究发现,吸附式压气机原始叶栅端壁处的马蹄涡压力面分支未与叶型吸力面交汇,因此消除马蹄涡影响的近端壁油流试验件叶型表面负荷水平的提升主要来自于前段弦长范围内,在前40%轴向范围内叶型负荷平均提高了15.5%,并且叶型负荷随着抽吸流量的增加而增加,抽吸效率随着抽吸流量的增加而降低。在数值计算中,通过前缘处近壁面熵分布等值线最小值连线证实了油流实验中测得的角度θ客观上反映了前缘扰动区的作用范围。     

等离子体对GPS信号载噪比的影响

飞行器再入过程产生等离子体,等离子体中电子密度的变化对电磁波信号造成幅度衰减和相位偏移,严重时导致通信中断。理论分析了等离子体对GPS信号载噪比的影响;利用实验室环境下的等离子体模拟装置,设计了GPS二键相控(BPSK)调制信号透过等离子体的地面模拟方案,进行了等离子体对GPS接收机性能影响的实验研究,获得了不同电子密度下的衰减和导航信号载噪比的数据。实验结果与理论分析一致,不仅证明了等离子体下衰减与导航信号载噪比的变化是一致的结论,而且验证了实验方法的有效性。     

亚声速来流对吸气式纳秒激光推进性能的影响

针对亚声速来流条件下吸气式纳秒激光推进的机理,通过Fluent流体仿真软件,数值模拟不同来流马赫数条件下推进器内外流场的演化过程,分析来流速度对推进性能的影响。结果表明:低速条件下,空气来流强度小,对推进器和激光冲击波的影响较小,冲击波近似自由向外传播,与推进器作用较为充分,使得冲量耦合系数较高;随着亚声速来流的增大,自由空气来流强度增大,推进器所受阻力增大,并抑制冲击波自由传播,加速冲击波耗散,缩短冲击波的有效做功时间,导致冲量耦合系数快速下降。     

An integrated graphic–taxonomic–associative approach to analyze human factors in aviation accidents

Human factors are critical causes of modern aviation accidents. However, existing accident analysis methods encounter limitations in addressing aviation human factors, especially in complex accident scenarios. The existing graphic approaches are effective for describing accident mechanisms within various categories of human factors, but cannot simultaneously describe inadequate human–aircraft–environment interactions and organizational deficiencies effectively, and highly depend on analysts' skills and experiences. Moreover, the existing methods do not emphasize latent unsafe factors outside accidents. This paper focuses on the above three limitations and proposes an integrated graphic–taxonomic–associative approach. A new graphic model named accident tree(AcciTree), with a two-mode structure and a reaction-based concept, is developed for accident modeling and safety defense identification. The AcciTree model is then integrated with the well-established human factors analysis and classification system(HFACS) to enhance both reliability of the graphic part and logicality of the taxonomic part for improving completeness of analysis. An associative hazard analysis technique is further put forward to extend analysis to factors outside accidents, to form extended safety requirements for proactive accident prevention. Two crash examples, a research flight demonstrator by our team and an industrial unmanned aircraft, illustrate that the integrated approach is effective for identifying more unsafe factors and safety requirements.     

飞机垂尾抖振响应的飞行试验研究

介绍了国内外垂尾抖振试飞的最新进展情况,并就抖振试飞中可以采用的试飞方法,从理论上进行了分析。飞行试验采用收敛转弯的试飞方法,通过在左、右垂尾上加装的振动加速度传感器,得到了不同马赫数下垂尾的抖振响应情况。在对数据进行均方根分析、时频分析和自功率谱密度分析等方法的基础上建立起抖振响应和迎角、频率的关系后发现：垂尾抖振响应主要集中在垂尾低阶模态频率上;垂尾的抖振响应随迎角、马赫数的增加而增加,其中受迎角的影响大于受马赫数的影响;且飞机在超过初始抖振迎角以后,随迎角的继续增加,垂尾翼尖后缘处的抖振响应显著大于垂尾翼尖前缘位置。     

吸附式压气机叶型及抽吸方案耦合优化设计

为了探索吸附式叶型设计特点,研究了一种将叶型和抽吸方案耦合优化的新型吸附式压气机叶型设计方法。该方法利用人工蜂群算法结合准三维叶栅通道计算程序对吸附式叶型进行耦合优化设计。在进口马赫数为0.7,攻角1.9°的设计工况下,将耦合优化得到的优化设计方案与先优化叶型再优化抽吸方案得到的原始设计方案进行了对比分析,并且对耦合优化前后的设计方案均进行了风洞吹风实验,验证了耦合优化设计方法的准确性和实际应用性。研究结果表明:耦合优化设计之后总压损失降低了27%,负荷提高了2%。适当改变叶型前缘半径,可以推迟附面层转捩位置,减小气流的摩擦损失,使附面层流动更为合理。针对本文的设计工况,更均匀的弯度变化会提高吸附式叶型的设计效果。本文在54%相对弦长处并配合0.75%的抽吸量,可以有效地控制叶型分离,降低抽吸所需要的能量。     

某型燃气轮机封严盘疲劳裂纹机理分析

为了系统研究某型燃气轮机封严盘疲劳故障的现象、机理、特点和原因,进行了封严盘故障损伤痕迹、断口形貌、材料成分、金相组织等分析;同时进行了强度(应力)和模态振动特性方面的有限元计算研究,在此基础上进行了共振特性分析。分析结果表明:该封严盘结构设计存在薄弱环节,其均压孔孔边径向应力水平高,孔边表面状态不佳,在一定振动应力作用下,均压孔边容易产生高周性质的疲劳裂纹。对防止某型燃气轮机封严盘产生疲劳裂纹失效提出修理和使用中应控制的要点。     

频率源特性对CEI精度影响分析

频率源特性导致的误差是影响干涉测量精度的因素之一,基于频率源稳定性详细分析了频率基准对CEI （Connected-Element Interferometry,连线端站干涉测量）精度的影响机理,针对差分单向测距/双差分单向测距、本地相关/互相关等各种干涉测量模式,给出了频率源稳定性对测量精度影响的解析表达式,并基于典型条件量化了频率源不稳定带来的误差大小,给出了能够满足CEI的频率源稳定性指标的建议.分析计算结果表明：如果要解出载波相位延迟量,在其他误差因素不会导致相位模糊的情况下,针对X频段差分单向测距,频率源稳定性优于8.5×10^-12/s即可;针对双差分单向测距,对频率源稳定性的要求可进一步放宽.由此可以认为：在CEI模式下,较好的铷频标即可满足测量要求.