飞机操纵面数字化互换性设计

随着数字化装配技术的逐渐成熟和推广应用,适应数字量传递的互换性设计对于提升飞机操纵面设计效率、稳定装配质量和降低维护成本具有显著的现实意义。以飞机操纵面的互换性设计为研究对象,针对互换性的要求分析设计要点,建立与数字化装配相协调的互换性设计流程;从操纵面的构型特征角度分析互换性设计的结构元素;提出实现操纵面互换性的技术途径,给出相应的参考指标;以某型飞机的副翼为例,对其进行互换性分析和设计,并通过实际装配进行检验。结果表明：操纵面互换性设计流程合理可行,能够满足互换性要求。     

航天器振动试验中的频率漂移现象研究

文章针对航天器振动试验中较为常见的频率漂移现象,分析了其影响,并结合工程案例讨论了可恢复和不可恢复频率漂移现象的产生机理。尤其针对蜂窝夹层板在振动试验中/后的频率漂移,对两种典型的结构失效模式进行了分析。研究结果可为航天器振动试验中出现频率漂移时的原因分析和航天器结构设计提供参考。     

GNSS广域差分改正数估计方法研究

随着我国北斗三号基本系统的正式运行,基于地面监测站的广域差分增强系统成为进一步提升卫星导航定位精度的手段之一。在码噪声多径误差修正(CNMC)的基础上,使用等效钟差方法实现GNSS卫星轨道与钟差误差的解耦,并依据卫星轨道运动的动力学特性,引入希尔差分方程描述卫星轨道误差变化,实现对轨道误差的实时卡尔曼滤波估计。基于GPS实测数据,对改正前后的用户等效测距误差(UERE)和定位精度进行了对比研究。实验结果表明,采用该方法,UERE标准差由改正前的0.456 m减小至0.227 m,降幅达到50.22%;整体水平定位误差(95%置信区间)由0.981 m减小至0.782 m,垂直定位误差(95%置信区间)由1.991 m减小至1.131 m,分别提升了20.29%和43.19%,差分改正效果明显。     

基于神经网络的荧光油膜厚度与灰度研究

在全局摩阻测量中,薄油膜技术可以很好地表征表面摩阻的分布情况。用特定波长的紫外线照射添加了荧光显色分子的不同厚度的油膜,油膜将发出不同的亮度。利用该原理通过检测受激发的荧光油膜灰度值可解算出相应油膜的厚度。本次采用BP神经网络及极限学习机(Extreme learning machine,ELM)神经网络搭建模型完成了荧光油膜厚度与灰度关系的预测,运用Hopfield神经网络完成了相应参数的辨识。实验表明,ELM神经网络模型、BP神经网络模型及插值法模型的预测误差分别为5.150%、5.485%和5.935%。通过Hopfield神经网络辨识,光源功率、光距和曝光系数等影响因素的参数误差率控制在1%左右,达到实际工程运用的要求。与传统插值法相比,通过神经网络可获得更高的精度,为荧光油膜灰度与厚度研究提供了一种可行的方法。     

高分七号卫星结构尺寸稳定性设计与验证

尺寸稳定性是高分七号卫星(GF-7)结构设计的重要使命。针对GF 7结构尺寸稳定性设计需求,开展了影响因素分析,并针对分解指标给出了适用于航天器结构的尺寸稳定性设计和验证流程。首先,在整星结构构型设计的基础上,通过灵敏度分析确定了结构选材方案。随后,针对尺寸稳定性关键件一体化支架,提出了热控设计和结构设计方案。最终,通过舱段级热稳定性试验获得了结构平均热膨胀系数等结构稳定性关键参数,利用经试验结果修正后的有限元模型开展了卫星在轨热变形分析并验证了指标的可实现性。结果表明,GF-7结构设计满足载荷安装面指向变化亚角秒级的尺寸稳定性指标要求。     

Analysis of the dynamic performance of an electro-hydrostatic actuator and improvement methods

As a kind of actuation mechanism for power-by-wire (PBW) actuation systems of more/all electrical aircraft, an electro-hydrostatic actuator (EHA) is a highly integrated local hydraulic actuation system. It is a volume control system consisting of a motor, a pump, an actuator, etc., which has features of high efficiency and reliability. However, the poor dynamic characteristic is one of the main factors restricting its wide application in aircraft. In this paper, the reason for the poor dynamic characteristic of an EHA is revealed from the perspectives of the natural frequency characteristic and the power requirement, respectively. In other words, the insufficiency of the motor output power at a high frequency is the main factor causing the poor dynamic characteristic of the system, and methods which include increasing the maximum output torque of the motor, reducing the rotational inertia of the motor-pump group, and adopting a double-motor-pump group configuration are proposed in this paper, by which the dynamic characteristic of the system can be improved. The feasibility of those methods are verified by simulations. Finally, the dynamic characteristic is tested on an EHA prototype, and results show that saturation of the output torque of the motor is the main factor restricting the dynamic characteristic of the EHA system.     

Generic functional modelling of multi-pulse auto-transformer rectifier units for more-electric aircraft applications

The Auto-Transformer Rectifier Unit (ATRU) is one preferred solution for high-power AC/DC power conversion in aircraft. This is mainly due to its simple structure, high reliability and reduced kVA ratings. Indeed, the ATRU has become a preferred AC/DC solution to supply power to the electric environment control system on-board future aircraft. In this paper, a general modelling method for ATRUs is introduced. The developed model is based on the fact that the DC voltage and current are strongly related to the voltage and current vectors at the AC terminals of ATRUs. In this paper, we carry on our research in modelling symmetric 18-pulse ATRUs and develop a generic modelling technique. The developed generic model can study not only symmetric but also asymmetric ATRUs. An 18-pulse asymmetric ATRU is used to demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the developed model by comparing with corresponding detailed switching SABER models provided by our industrial partner. The functional models also allow accelerated and accurate simulations and thus enable whole-scale more-electric aircraft electrical power system studies in the future.     

基于事件触发的航天器变周期控制方法研究

摘要： 随着未来航天技术的发展对航天器自主性工作的要求越来越高，星上嵌入式系统所需处理的数据量也急剧增大.而如何在通信与计算资源约束下保证航天器性能就成为一个关键问题.本文基于事件触发控制方法，提出一种在保证控制性能前提下能够大幅降低星上总线负载的航天器姿态控制方法.并从扰动系统理论出发，给出算法的设计流程和稳定性证明.通过仿真算例验证算法的有效性.     

空天飞行器整体式救生座舱的稳定减速与分离特性数值模拟

整体式密闭救生座舱方案将座椅与驾驶舱进行整体设计，弹射后具有独立的气动型面，在包含亚声速、跨声速、超声速甚至高超声速等非常宽广的速度范围可以更好地保护飞行员免受高速气流的吹袭，是空天飞行器救生系统设计的重要途径之一。针对整体式救生座舱，首先开展基本静态气动性能数值模拟评估；之后采用一种刚性减速伞增稳方案（整体式座舱+减速伞）对其稳定性和减速效率进行改进；最后采用动态重叠网格方法，对整体式座舱+减速伞构型的近机弹射轨迹特性开展动态数值模拟计算，从而获得该构型在抛投过程中的稳定性和安全性。研究结果表明，单独整体式救生座舱难以具备静稳定性；减速伞方案可大幅改善座舱的稳定性能，使座舱在Ma=0.3~4.0范围内均具有静、动态稳定性，并呈现亚声速时随马赫数升高而增强、超声速时随马赫数升高而减弱的变化规律，且高马赫数（Ma=4.0）工况可通过降低飞行高度以增加动压的方式进一步提升座舱的动稳定性；在宽速域范围内，整体式座舱+减速伞构型经过弹射力和火箭推力的辅助作用，能够实现与机体的安全分离，并且分离后其俯仰振荡姿态均具有收敛特性。