视觉导引的无人直升机自主着舰系统仿真

对于无人直升机着舰问题,提出了基于视觉导引的自主着舰方案;建立了一套无人直升机自主着舰仿真系统;建立了舰船运动模型,无人直升机六自由度非线性全量模型;设计了着舰特征图案,通过摄像机模型获取舰船上的特征图案;提出快速四点算法实现3D位姿估算,并以此构建视觉信息识别系统,识别直升机与舰船相对运动参数;通过分层控制思想,实现基于视觉信息导引着舰。在此基础上形成仿真闭环,对无人直升机定点自主着舰的全过程进行仿真验证。     

离子注入对聚四氟乙烯覆铜板黏结性能的影响

对于聚四氟乙烯（PTFE）基材线路板,铜箔与基材的结合力是影响其可靠性的关键因素之一。纯PTFE表面与铜箔的黏结性能较差,可采用离子注入结合磁过滤沉积技术对PTFE进行改性处理,再电镀铜薄膜制备PTFE覆铜板。采用SEM和XPS分析改性PTFE的表面微结构及表面成分;使用达因测试笔测试其表面张力;利用SRIM软件模拟不同厚度过渡层对注入离子以及基体原子浓度随深度分布的影响;采用90°剥离强度测试仪分别测试液氮、热应力及浸锡环境下改性PTFE覆铜板的剥离强度;通过宽频介电阻抗谱仪研究其电导率及介质损耗性能。结果表明：改性处理后的PTFE表面形貌发生显著变化,可与铜箔形成有机结合的过渡层,所制得的柔性覆铜板性能良好、稳定,剥离强度明显提高——常温下为0.74 N/mm,在液氮、热应力及浸锡环境下剥离强度略有下降,电学性能符合电路板使用要求。     

星载L波段宽带低噪声放大器芯片设计

基于0.25μm砷化镓赝品高电子迁移率晶体管(GaAs pHEMT)工艺,设计了一款应用于星载微波接收机的L波段单片微波集成电路(MMIC)低噪声放大器(LNA)。该低噪声放大器采用电流复用拓扑结构,降低了芯片的工作电流,节省了宝贵的卫星能量资源;通过两级负反馈方式优化了器件的稳定性和增益平坦度,提高了卫星通信质量;恒流源的偏置结构使得工作电流随工艺波动较小,芯片维持在稳定的工作状态下。测试结果表明:该放大器工作电流为35 mA,在频率范围0.9～1.8 GHz内,增益大于33 dB,噪声系数小于0.6 dB,增益平坦度小于0.5 dB;芯片尺寸为2.0 mm×1.3 mm,满足航天产品的高性能小型化应用需求。     

A variational Bayesian-based robust adaptive filtering for precise point positioning using undifferenced and uncombined observations

In the application of precise point positioning (PPP), especially in the dynamic mode, the classical Kalman filter (KF) usually produces a large number of estimation errors or diverges when there are gross errors in the observation data or unexpected turbulences occur in target motion state or both of them. For such problem, a variational Bayesian (VB)-based robust adaptive Kalman filtering (VB-RAKF) is proposed in this paper. This filter introduces a classification robust equivalent weight function to resist observation gross error and the inverse Wishart prior to model inaccurate process noise covariance matrix (PNCM). To improve the instantaneous accuracy of state estimation, the VB approach is used to obtain better estimations of inaccurate PNCM. Several sets of observation data collected by IGS reference stations and vehicles are employed to check the robustness and positioning accuracy of the VB-RAKF model. The results show that the VB-RAKF algorithm is more robust than the KF, and can effectively resist the gross error in observation data and control state disturbance. In the IGS reference station tests, when compared to the KF, the static positioning accuracies of the VB-RAKF in the north, east and up directions are improved by 13%, 8% and 22%, respectively, and the simulated dynamic positioning accuracies of the VB-RAKF in the north, east and up directions are improved by 19%, 9% and 21%, respectively. The in-vehicle dynamic test verifies that the VB-RAKF outperforms the KF, and shows that the VB-RAKF has better performance than the KF when dealing with observation data which has obvious gross errors, and similar performance as the KF when gross errors are small.     

一种面向在轨服务的空间遥操作人机交互方法

为了解决人在遥操作回路中,人与操作目标时空隔离、缺乏环境信息和天地回路大时延等实际问题,以及减少空间机器人缺乏自主智能性和操作者手抖颤等不利因素,针对空间在轨服务操作交互问题,提出一种基于增强虚拟安全通道(AVSC)的分层辅助遥操作(LAT)方法。首先,设计组合体增强虚拟安全通道,通过给主端操作者施加虚拟引导力辅助完成操作任务,与徒手操作相比,操作时间短、操作平稳;其次,设计分层辅助遥操作系统,通过获取空间机器人末端与期望轨迹上最近点之间的距离,在安全通道内划分不同的虚拟力场,辅助操作者更加灵活地操作。演示实验表明,该方法利用力触觉和视觉信息,引导操作者控制空间机器人末端运动至期望位置,可以有效地提高操作精度、减轻操作者心理压力和减少操作时间。     

Performance assessment of real-time multi-GNSS integrated PPP with uncombined and ionospheric-free combined observables

For precise position services, the real-time precise point positioning (PPP) is a promising technology. The real-time PPP performance is expected to be improved by multi-system combination. The performance of real-time multi-system PPP needs to be periodically investigated, with the increasing number of available satellites and the continuously improved quality of real-time precise products of satellite clocks and orbits. In this study, a comprehensive performance assessment is conducted for the four-system integrated real-time PPP (FSIRT-PPP) with GPS, BDS, Galileo and GLONASS in both static and kinematic modes. The datasets from 118 stations spanning approximately a month are used for analysis, and the real-time stream CLK93 is employed. The superior performance of FSIRT-PPP is validated by comparing with the results of GPS/BDS, GPS/Galileo, GPS/GLONASS, GPS-only, BDS-only, Galileo-only and GLONASS-only cases. The FSIRT-PPP using ionospheric-free (IF) combined observables can achieve a convergence time of 10.9, 4.8 and 11.8 min and a positioning accuracy of 0.4, 0.5 and 0.7 cm in the static mode in the east, north and up directions, respectively, while the derived statistic is 15.4, 7.0 and 16.4 min, and 1.6, 1.2 and 3.4 cm in the kinematic mode in the three directions, respectively. Moreover, we also compare the position solutions of real-time PPP adopting IF combined and uncombined (UC) observables, and prove the mathematical equivalence between the two PPP models in the converged stage, provided that there are no external ionospheric corrections or constraints given to the estimated ionospheric delays in the UC model. The difference between the fully converged positioning accuracy of IF-based and UC-based real-time PPP is marginal, but the UC-based real-time PPP has longer convergence time due to the influence of the significant unmodeled time-varying errors in the real-time precise products as well as the different parameterization between them. For completeness, the real-time kinematic PPP results in harsh environments and the post-processed PPP results are also presented.     

融合句嵌入的VAACGAN多对多语音转换

针对非平行文本条件下语音转换质量不理想、说话人个性相似度不高的问题，提出一种融合句嵌入的变分自编码辅助分类器生成对抗网络（VAACGAN）语音转换方法，在非平行文本条件下，有效实现了高质量的多对多语音转换。辅助分类器生成对抗网络的鉴别器中包含辅助解码器网络，能够在预测频谱特征真假的同时输出训练数据所属的说话人类别，使得生成对抗网络的训练更为稳定且加快其收敛速度。通过训练文本编码器获得句嵌入，将其作为一种语义内容约束融合到模型中，利用句嵌入包含的语义信息增强隐变量表征语音内容的能力，解决隐变量存在的过度正则化效应的问题，有效改善语音合成质量。实验结果表明:所提方法的转换语音平均MCD值较基准模型降低6.67%，平均MOS值提升8.33%，平均ABX值提升11.56%，证明该方法在语音音质和说话人个性相似度方面均有显著提升，实现了高质量的语音转换。      

基于双星定位系统和星敏感器的低轨卫星自主定轨方法研究

利用双星定位系统的两个测距信息外加星敏感器的测角信息,基于信息融合和信息守恒理论,采用联合推广卡尔曼滤波算法,对低轨卫星进行自主定轨仿真研究。计算结果表明,该方法可以显著提高定轨精度,达到低轨卫星自主定轨的精度要求。     

Ambiguity resolution in precise point positioning with hourly data for global single receiver

Integer ambiguity resolution (IAR) can improve precise point positioning (PPP) performance significantly. IAR for PPP became a highlight topic in global positioning system (GPS) community in recent years. More and more researchers focus on this issue. Progress has been made in the latest years. In this paper, we aim at investigating and demonstrating the performance of a global zero-differenced (ZD) PPP IAR service for GPS users by providing routine ZD uncalibrated fractional offsets (UFOs) for wide-lane and narrow-lane. Data sets from all IGS stations collected on DOY 1, 100, 200 and 300 of 2010 are used to validate and demonstrate this global service. Static experiment results show that an accuracy better than 1 cm in horizontal and 1–2 cm in vertical could be achieved in ambiguity-fixed PPP solution with only hourly data. Compared with PPP float solution, an average improvement reaches 58.2% in east, 28.3% in north and 23.8% in vertical for all tested stations. Results of kinematic experiments show that the RMS of kinematic PPP solutions can be improved from 21.6, 16.6 and 37.7 mm to 12.2, 13.3 and 34.3 mm for the fixed solutions in the east, north and vertical components, respectively. Both static and kinematic experiments show that wide-lane and narrow-lane UFO products of all satellites can be generated and provided in a routine way accompanying satellite orbit and clock products for the PPP user anywhere around the world, to obtain accurate and reliable ambiguity-fixed PPP solutions.     

工作流模型时间与费用性能评估算法

对无环工作流模型的时间与费用性能参数进行分析,通过引入循环结构的提取算法,实现对有环工作流模型的时间与费用性能评估.利用改进的Tarjan算法和七元组来提取和存储每一个循环结构的参数信息.分析所有的七元组,计算所有标志节点的进度与费用值.有环结构中的循环结构在被提取完之后,会转化为无环结构,利用无环模型的算法即可进行进度与费用的评估.实验证明:算法能很有效地评估复杂模型的进度与费用性能,算法执行效率高,计算结果准确.